Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/103)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

had been done to their companions—the cutting off of ears and noses and the severing of their private parts—they said, “If Allah, Exalted is He, grants us victory over them, we shall surely do to them as they did to us. We shall mutilate them in a manner in which no Arab has ever mutilated another.” So Allah, Exalted is He, revealed this verse.

It was also said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wished to supplicate for their complete annihilation, so this verse was revealed (1), because Allah knew that many of them would embrace Islam. Thus, His saying, “You have no part in the matter,” means: the matter does not belong to you. The preposition here carries the sense of “to,” as in His saying: “Our Lord, we have heard a caller calling to faith” (Surah Al Imran, 193)—that is, calling to faith.

His saying, “or He accepts their repentance”: some said that it means, “until He accepts their repentance” (2), or, “up to the point that He accepts their repentance.” It was also said that it is connected to His saying, “that He may cut off a part,” while His saying, “You have no part in the matter,” is a parenthetical statement within the flow and arrangement of the verse (3): “that He may cut off a part of those who disbelieve, or suppress them, or accept their repentance, or punish them, for they are wrongdoers. You have no part in the matter; rather, the command in all of this is Mine.”

Then He said: “To Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth. He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

“O you who believe, do not consume usury, multiplied many times over. Be mindful of Allah, so that you may prosper. (130) And guard yourselves against the Fire prepared for the disbelievers. (131)”

His saying, “O you who believe, do not consume usury, multiplied many times over,” refers to what they used to do when a debt fell due: increase the amount owed and defer its collection. “Be mindful of Allah” with regard to usury, and do not consume it, “so that you may prosper.”

Then He warned them, saying: “And guard yourselves against the Fire prepared for the disbelievers.”

“Obey Allah and the Messenger, so that you may be shown mercy. (132)”

(1) See al-Tabari, 7/198. (2) Added from manuscript B. (3) In manuscript B, the wording reads: “an interpolation between the lam and the arrangement of the verse.”

بِأَصْحَابِهِمْ مِنْ جَدْعِ الْآذَانِ وَالْأُنُوفِ وَقَطْعِ الْمَذَاكِيرِ، قَالُوا: لَئِنْ أَدَالَنَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْهُمْ لَنَفْعَلَنَّ بِهِمْ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلُوا، وَلَنُمَثِّلَنَّ بِهِمْ مُثْلَةً لَمْ يُمَثِّلْهَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ بِأَحَدٍ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالِاسْتِئْصَالِ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (١) وَذَلِكَ لِعِلْمِهِ فِيهِمْ بِأَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ يُسْلِمُونَ. فَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾ أَيْ: لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ، فَاللَّامُ بِمَعْنَى "إِلَى" كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: " رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي لِلْإِيمَانِ " (سُورَةُ آلِ عِمْرَانَ -١٩٣) أَيْ: إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ: قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ (قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَعْنَاهُ حَتَّى يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ) (٢) أَوْ: إِلَى أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ نَسَقٌ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ "لِيَقْطَعَ طَرَفًا" وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ﴾ اعْتِرَاضٌ بَيْنَ نَظْمِ الْكَلَامِ وَنَظْمِ الْآيَةِ (٣) لِيَقْطَعَ طَرَفًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَوْ يَكْبِتَهُمْ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ، لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ، بَلِ الْأَمْرُ أَمْرِي فِي ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ يَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا أَضْعَافًا مُضَاعَفَةً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (١٣٠) وَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ (١٣١) ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا أَضْعَافًا مُضَاعَفَةً﴾ أَرَادَ بِهِ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَهُ عِنْدَ حُلُولِ أَجَلِ الدَّيْنِ مِنْ زِيَادَةِ الْمَالِ وَتَأْخِيرِ الطَّلَبِ، ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ فِي أَمْرِ الرِّبَا فَلَا تَأْكُلُوهُ، ﴿لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾ ثُمَّ خَوَّفَهُمْ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ﴾ ﴿وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (١٣٢) ﴾

(١) انظر: الطبري: ٧ / ١٩٨. (٢) زيادة من "ب". (٣) في "ب" جاءت العبارة هكذا: اعتراض بين اللام ونظم الآية.