Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/99)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Yes indeed: if you remain steadfast and are mindful of Allah, and they come upon you at once, your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand angels, clearly marked.” (125)

Regarding His words, “Yes indeed: if you remain steadfast and are mindful of Allah, and they come upon you at once, your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand angels, clearly marked”: they remained steadfast on the day of Badr and were mindful of Allah, so Allah reinforced them with five thousand angels, as He had promised. Al-Hasan said, “These five thousand are a reinforcement for the believers until the Day of Resurrection.”

Ibn Abbas and Mujahid said: The angels did not fight in battle except on the day of Badr. On all other occasions, they attended the fighting but did not fight; rather, they served as numbers and reinforcements.

Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: On the day of Uhud, the people scattered from around the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while Sa'd ibn Malik remained shooting arrows. A young man was supplying him with arrows; whenever his arrows were exhausted, he would bring him more and scatter them before him. He said twice, “Shoot, Abu Ishaq!” When the fighting had subsided, he was asked whether that man was known.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdullah informed us; Ibrahim ibn Sa'd informed us, from his father, from his grandfather, from Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, who said: “On the day of Uhud (1), I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with two men fighting in his defence, dressed in white garments and fighting with the fiercest intensity. I had never seen them before or afterward.” (2)

Muslim also narrated it from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah, who said: Muhammad ibn Bishr and Abu Usamah informed us, from Mis'ar, from Sa'd ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Sa'd—that is, Ibn Abi Waqqas—who said: “On the day of Uhud, I saw two men, one on the right of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the other on his left, wearing white garments. I had never seen the two of them before or afterward.” That is, Gabriel and Michael. (3)

Al-Sha'bi said: On the day of Badr, news reached the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Muslims that Kurz ibn Jabir al-Muharibi intended to reinforce the polytheists. This distressed them, so Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “Is it not enough for you that your Lord should reinforce you?” up to His words, “clearly marked.” But news of the defeat reached Kurz, so he turned back. He neither came to them nor reinforced them, and Allah likewise did not reinforce the Muslims with the five thousand, though they had been reinforced with one thousand.

Others said: Allah, exalted is He, promised the Muslims on the day of Badr that, if they remained steadfast in obedience to Him and avoided what He had forbidden, He would reinforce them likewise in all their wars. Yet they did not remain steadfast except on the day of al-Ahzab, so Allah reinforced them until they besieged Qurayzah and al-Nadir. He said:

(1) In manuscript A: “Badr.” See Fath al-Bari, 7/349. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Maghazi (The Book of Military Expeditions), chapter: “When two parties among you were about to lose heart,” 7/358; and in Kitab al-Libas (The Book of Dress), chapter: “White Garments.” Also narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Fada'il (The Book of Virtues), chapter: “The Fighting of Gabriel and Michael in Defense of the Prophet, peace be upon him, on the Day of Uhud,” no. 2306, 4/1802; and by al-Baghawi in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13/292. (3) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Fada'il (The Book of Virtues), chapter: “The Fighting of Gabriel and Michael in Defense of the Prophet, peace be upon him,” no. 2306, 4/1802.

﴿بَلَى إِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا وَيَأْتُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْرِهِمْ هَذَا يُمْدِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُسَوِّمِينَ (١٢٥) ﴾ ﴿بَلَى إِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا وَيَأْتُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْرِهِمْ هَذَا يُمْدِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُسَوِّمِينَ﴾ فَصَبَرُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَاتَّقَوْا فَأَمَدَّهُمُ اللَّهُ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ كَمَا وَعَدَ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: وَهَؤُلَاءِ الْخَمْسَةُ آلَافٍ رِدْءُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: لَمْ تُقَاتِلِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ إِلَّا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَفِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ يَشْهَدُونَ الْقِتَالَ وَلَا يُقَاتِلُونَ، إِنَّمَا يَكُونُونَ عَدَدًا وَمَدَدًا. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ انْجَلَى الْقَوْمُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَقِيَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ يَرْمِي وَفَتًى شَابٌّ يَتَنَبَّلُ لَهُ كُلَّمَا فَنِيَ النَّبْلُ أَتَاهُ بِهِ فَنَثَرَهُ فَقَالَ ارْمِ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا انْجَلَتِ الْمَعْرَكَةُ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ يُعْرَفْ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ (١) وَمَعَهُ رَجُلَانِ يُقَاتِلَانِ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِمَا ثِيَابٌ بِيضٌ كَأَشَدِّ الْقِتَالِ مَا رَأَيْتُهُمَا قَبْلُ وَلَا بَعْدُ (٢) . وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: "رَأَيْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ رَجُلَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا ثِيَابٌ بيض ما رأبتهما قَبْلُ وَلَا بَعْدُ" يَعْنِي: جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ (٣) . وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: أَنَّ كُرْزَ بْنَ جَابِرٍ الْمُحَارِبِيَّ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَمُدَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَلَنْ يَكْفِيَكُمْ أَنْ يُمِدَّكُمْ﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿مُسَوِّمِينَ﴾ فَبَلَغَ كُرْزًا الْهَزِيمَةُ فَرَجَعَ فَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ وَلَمْ يَمُدَّهُمْ فَلَمْ يَمُدَّهُمُ اللَّهُ أَيْضًا بِالْخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ أُمِدُّوا بِأَلْفٍ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُونَ: إِنَّمَا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ إِنْ صَبَرُوا عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ وَاتَّقَوْا مَحَارِمَهُ: أَنْ يَمُدَّهُمْ أَيْضًا فِي حُرُوبِهِمْ كُلِّهَا فَلَمْ يَصْبِرُوا إِلَّا فِي يَوْمِ الْأَحْزَابِ، فَأَمَدَّهُمُ اللَّهُ حَتَّى حَاصَرُوا قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرَ، قَالَ

(١) في أ: "بدر" وانظر: فتح الباري: ٧ / ٣٤٩. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي باب: "إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا" ٧ / ٣٥٨، وفي اللباس باب الثياب البيض، ومسلم في الفضائل باب قتال جبريل وميكائيل عن النبي ﷺ يوم أحد برقم (٢٣٠٦) : ٤ / ١٨٠٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٩٢. (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الفضائل باب في قتال جبريل وميكائيل عن النبي ﷺ. .برقم (٢٣٠٦) : ٤ / ١٨٠٢.