Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/98)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

of the Khazraj, and the Banu Harithah of the Aws; they were the two wings of the army. This was because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out for Uhud with one thousand men—though it was also said: with nine hundred and fifty men. When they reached al-Shawt (1), Abdullah ibn Ubayy withdrew with one-third of the people, returning with three hundred men. He said, “Why should we have ourselves and our children killed?”

Abu Jabir al-Sulami followed them and said, “I implore you by Allah, for the sake of your Prophet and yourselves!” Abdullah ibn Ubayy replied, “Had we known there would be fighting, we would have followed you.” The Banu Salimah and the Banu Harithah were then about to withdraw with Abdullah ibn Ubayy, but Allah protected them, and they did not withdraw. Thus Allah reminded them of His immense favour (2), saying:

“When two groups among you were about to lose heart, though Allah was their Protector.”

That is, their Helper and Guardian.

“And in Allah let the believers put their trust.”

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Numayri informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us—68/a—Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed me, from Ibn Uyaynah, from Amr, from Jabir, who said: “This verse was revealed concerning us: ‘When two groups among you were about to lose heart, though Allah was their Protector’—the Banu Salimah and the Banu Harithah. I would not wish that it had never been revealed, for Allah says: ‘Though Allah was their Protector.’” (3)

“Allah had already given you victory at Badr when you were weak. So fear Allah, that you may be grateful. (123) When you said to the believers, ‘Is it not enough for you that your Lord should reinforce you with three thousand angels sent down?’ (124)”

Regarding His statement, exalted is He, “Allah had already given you victory at Badr”: Badr is a location between Makkah and Madinah, and the majority hold that it is the name of a place. It was also said that it was the name of a well there. Another view is that Badr was a well belonging to a man called Badr; this was stated by al-Sha‘bi, while others rejected this view.

In this verse, Allah, exalted is He, reminds them of His favour upon them by granting them victory on the day of Badr: “when you were weak.” The word rendered “weak” is a plural form, referring here to their small number, for they were three hundred and thirteen men. Yet Allah granted them victory despite their few numbers. “So fear Allah, that you may be grateful.”

Regarding His statement, “When you said to the believers, ‘Is it not enough for you that your Lord should reinforce you?’”: scholars differed concerning this verse. Qatadah said: This occurred on the day of Badr. Allah, exalted is He, reinforced them with one thousand angels, as He says: “He answered you: ‘I will reinforce you with a thousand angels.’” (al-Anfal 9) Then they became three thousand, and then five thousand, as mentioned here: “with three thousand angels sent down.”

(1) The name of a location between Madinah and Uhud. (Mu'jam al-Buldan) (2) See: Sirat Ibn Hisham, 2/128. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Maghazi, chapter: “When two parties among you were about to lose heart . . .,” 7/357.

مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ، وَبَنُو حَارِثَةَ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ، وَدَنَا جَنَاحَيِ الْعَسْكَرِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى أُحُدٍ فِي أَلْفِ رَجُلٍ، وَقِيلَ: فِي تِسْعِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا الشَّوْطَ (١) انْخَذَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ بِثُلُثِ النَّاسِ ورجع في ثلاث مائة وَقَالَ: عَلَامَ نَقْتُلُ أَنْفُسَنَا وَأَوْلَادَنَا؟ فَتَبِعَهُمْ أَبُو جَابِرٍ السُّلَمِيُّ فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ فِي نَبِيِّكُمْ وَفِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ: لَوْ نَعْلَمُ قِتَالًا لَاتَّبَعْنَاكُمْ، وَهَمَّتْ بَنُو سَلَمَةُ وَبَنُو حَارِثَةَ بِالِانْصِرَافِ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ فَعَصَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَلَمْ يَنْصَرِفُوا فَذَكَّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَظِيمَ نِعْمَتِهِ (٢) فَقَالَ ﷿ ﴿إِذْ هَمَّتْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَفْشَلَا وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَا﴾ نَاصِرُهُمَا وَحَافِظُهُمَا. ﴿وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بن إسماعيل، ٦٨/أأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِينَا ﴿إِذْ هَمَّتْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَفْشَلَا وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَا﴾ بَنُو سَلَمَةُ وَبَنُو حَارِثَةَ، وَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَنْزِلْ وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ: ﴿وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَا﴾ (٣) . ﴿وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ وَأَنْتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٢٣) إِذْ تَقُولُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلَنْ يَكْفِيَكُمْ أَنْ يُمِدَّكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بِثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُنْزَلِينَ (١٢٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ﴾ وَبَدْرٌ مَوْضِعٌ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ اسْمٌ لِمَوْضِعٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ الْأَكْثَرُونَ وَقِيلَ: اسْمٌ لِبِئْرٍ هُنَاكَ، وَقِيلَ: كَانَتْ بَدْرٌ بِئْرًا لِرَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ بَدْرٌ، قَالَهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ وَأَنْكَرَ الْآخَرُونَ عَلَيْهِ. يَذْكُرُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مِنَّتَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالنُّصْرَةِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌ﴾ جَمْعُ: ذَلِيلٍ وَأَرَادَ بِهِ قِلَّةَ الْعَدَدِ فَإِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَنَصَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَعَ قِلَّةِ عَدَدِهِمْ، ﴿فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ﴾ ﴿إِذْ تَقُولُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلَنْ يَكْفِيَكُمْ أَنْ يُمِدَّكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كَانَ هَذَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ أَمَدَّهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ كَمَا قَالَ: " فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ " (الْأَنْفَالِ -٩) ثُمَّ صَارُوا ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ثُمَّ صَارُوا خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ كَمَا ذُكِرَ هَاهُنَا ﴿بِثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُنْزَلِينَ﴾

(١) اسم موضع بين المدينة وأحد. (معجم البلدان) . (٢) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام ٢ / ١٢٨. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي باب "إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا. . " ٧ / ٣٥٧.