Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/88)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

If it is asked, “How could He say, ‘Did you disbelieve after having faith?’ when they had not been believers?” It has been related from Ubayy ibn Kaʿb that what is intended is the faith of the Day of the Covenant, when He said to them, “Am I not your Lord?” They replied, “Indeed.” Thus, He says: “Did you disbelieve after your faith on the Day of the Covenant?”

Al-Hasan said: They are the hypocrites: they professed faith with their tongues but denied it in their hearts.

It is related from ʿIkrimah that they are the People of the Book: they believed in their prophets and in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, before he was sent; but when he was sent, they disbelieved in him.

Others said: They are among those who face our direction of prayer. Abu Umamah said: They are the Kharijites. Qatadah said: They are the adherents of religious innovations.

ʿAbd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Saʿid ibn Abi Maryam informed us, from Nafiʿ ibn ʿUmar, who said: Ibn Abi Mulaykah related to me, from Asmaʾ bint Abi Bakr, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I shall precede you at the Basin, so that I may see which of you comes to me (2). Some people will be taken away from me, and I shall say, ‘My Lord, they belong to me and to my community.’ I shall then be told, ‘Do you know what they did after you?’ By Allah, they never ceased turning back on their heels.” (3)

Al-Harith al-Aʿwar said: I heard ʿAli, may Allah be pleased with him, say from the pulpit: “A man may leave his family and not return to them until he has done a deed by which he merits Paradise; and a man may leave his family and not return to them until he has done a deed by which he merits the Fire.” He then recited: “On the Day when some faces will be whitened and some faces blackened”—the verse—and then proclaimed: “They are those who disbelieved after faith—by the Lord of the Kaʿbah!”

Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Khiraqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan al-Taysafuni informed us; ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAli al-Kushmayhani informed us; ʿAli ibn Hujr informed us; Ismaʿil ibn Jaʿfar informed us, from al-ʿAlaʾ ibn ʿAbd al-Rahman, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Hasten to perform good deeds before trials like pieces of a dark night: a man will be a believer in the morning and a disbeliever by evening, or a believer in the evening and a disbeliever by morning, selling his religion for a worldly gain.” (4)

“As for those whose faces are whitened, they shall be in Allah’s mercy, abiding therein forever.” (107) “These are Allah’s verses, which We recite to you in truth; and Allah does not will injustice for the worlds.” (108)

(1) An addition from manuscript B. (2) In manuscript A: “from my community.” (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Fitan (Book of Tribulations), chapter on the statement of Allah, “And fear a trial that will not afflict only those among you who have wronged” (13:3); and by Muslim, Kitab al-Fada'il (Book of Virtues), chapter on affirming the Hawd (Prophet’s Basin) of our Prophet and its characteristics, no. 2293 (4:1794). The wording is Muslim’s. (4) Recorded by Muslim, Kitab al-Iman (Book of Faith), chapter encouraging promptness in deeds before tribulations become manifest, no. 118 (1:110); and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah (15:15).

فَإِنْ قِيلَ: كَيْفَ قَالَ: أَكَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ وَهُمْ (١) لَمْ يَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ؟ حُكِيَ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِهِ: الْإِيمَانَ يَوْمِ الْمِيثَاقِ، حِينَ قَالَ لَهُمْ: أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى يَقُولُ: أَكَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ يَوْمَ الْمِيثَاقِ؟ وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: هُمُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ تَكَلَّمُوا بِالْإِيمَانِ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ، وَأَنْكَرُوا بِقُلُوبِهِمْ. وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: أَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ، آمَنُوا بِأَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُبْعَثَ فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ كَفَرُوا بِهِ. وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: هُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِنَا، وَقَالَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ: هُمُ الْخَوَارِجُ، وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هُمْ أَهْلُ الْبِدَعِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنِّي فَرَطُكُمْ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ مَنْ يَرِدُ عَلَيَّ مِنْكُمْ (٢) وَسَيُؤْخَذُ نَاسٌ دُونِي فَأَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ مَنِّي وَمِنْ أُمَّتِي فَيُقَالُ لِي هَلْ شَعَرْتَ بِمَا عَمِلُوا بَعْدَكَ؟ وَاللَّهِ مَا بَرِحُوا يَرْجِعُونَ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ". (٣) . وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا ﵁ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ أهله فما يؤوب إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا يَسْتَوْجِبُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لِيَخْرُجُ مَنْ أَهْلِهِ فَمَا يَعُودُ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا يَسْتَوْجِبُ بِهِ النَّارَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ﴿يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌ وَتَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ﴾ الْآيَةَ ثُمَّ نَادَى: هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ -وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخِرَقِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّيَسْفُونِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ، أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "بَادِرُوا بِالْأَعْمَالِ فِتَنًا كَقِطَعِ اللَّيْلِ الْمُظْلِمِ يُصْبِحُ الرَّجُلُ مُؤْمِنًا وَيُمْسِي كَافِرًا وَيُمْسِي مُؤْمِنًا وَيُصْبِحُ كَافِرًا، يَبِيعُ دِينَهُ بِعَرَضٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا". (٤) . ﴿وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ابْيَضَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ فَفِي رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (١٠٧) تِلْكَ آيَاتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَمَا اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ظُلْمًا لِلْعَالَمِينَ (١٠٨) ﴾

(١) زيادة من (ب) . (٢) في أ: "من أمتي". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في كتاب الفتن باب ما جاء في قول الله تعالى: "واتقوا فتنة لا تصيبن الذين ظلموا منكم خاصة": ١٣ / ٣، ومسلم في الفضائل باب إثبات حوض نبينا ﷺ وصفاته برقم (٢٢٩٣) : ٤ / ١٧٩٤ واللفظ له. (٤) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان باب الحث على المبادرة بالأعمال قبل تظاهر الفتن برقم (١١٨) : ١ / ١١٠ وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ١٥.