Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/86)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

ʿAbd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; ʿAmr ibn Hafs ibn Ghiyath informed us; his father informed us; al-Aʿmash informed us; al-Shaʿbi told me that he heard al-Nuʿman ibn Bashir, may Allah be pleased with him, say: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The likeness of one who turns a blind eye to Allah’s limits and one who violates them is that of people who cast lots for places on a ship. Some of them took the lower deck, while others took the upper deck. Those on the lower deck had to pass by those on the upper deck to fetch water, and so they inconvenienced them. Then one of them took an axe and began chopping through the bottom of the ship. They came to him and said, ‘What is the matter with you?’ He replied, ‘I have inconvenienced you, and I cannot do without water.’ (1) If they restrain him, they will save him and save themselves; but if they leave him, they will destroy him and destroy themselves.” (2)

“And do not be like those who became divided and differed after clear proofs had come to them. Those shall have a tremendous punishment.” (105)

Concerning His saying, Exalted is He, “And do not be like those who became divided and differed after clear proofs had come to them”: Most exegetes said that they are the Jews and the Christians. Some said: They are the adherents of religious innovation from among this community. Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: They are the Haruriyyah (the Kharijites) in Syria.

ʿAbd Allah ibn Shaddad said: Abu Umamah and I stood over the heads (3) of the Haruriyyah in Syria, and he said: “They are the dogs of the Fire. They had been believers, then disbelieved after their faith.” He then recited, “And do not be like those who became divided and differed after clear proofs had come to them,” up to His saying, Exalted is He, “Did you disbelieve after your faith?”

Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Hasan ibn Bishran informed us; Ismaʿil ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi related to us; ʿAbd al-Razzaq related to us; Maʿmar informed us, from ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, from ʿAbd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, that ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever wishes to attain the heart of Paradise must adhere to the community, for Satan is with the lone individual, while he is farther from two people.” (4)

(1) Manuscript A reads: “water.” (2) Al-Bukhari, al-Shahadat, chapter on drawing lots in disputed matters, 5:292, with this wording. The compiler also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:342, with similar wording. (3) Manuscript A reads: “heads.” (4) This is an excerpt from the lengthy hadith of Umar's sermon at al-Jabiyah. Al-Tirmidhi narrated it in al-Fitan, chapter on adhering to the community, 6:383-386, and said: “This hadith is hasan sahih gharib (sound, authentic, and singular) through this route.” He added: “Ibn al-Mubarak narrated it from Muhammad ibn Suqah, and this hadith has been narrated from Umar from the Prophet through other routes.” It was also narrated by Ibn Abi Asim in al-Sunnah, nos. 86-88, 1:42; al-Lalakai in Sharh Usul I'tiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah, 1:106-107; and al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 1:114, who authenticated it according to the criteria of al-Bukhari and Muslim. Al-Dhahabi agreed with him and cited two corroborating reports. Imam Ahmad also narrated it in al-Musnad, 1:18, from Umar. Al-Albani authenticated it in his annotations to Ibn Abi Asim's al-Sunnah.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبِي أَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ حَدَّثَنِي الشَّعْبِيُّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ ﵁ يَقُولُ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَثَلُ الْمُدَاهِنِ فِي حُدُودِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَالْوَاقِعِ فِيهَا، كَمَثَلِ قَوْمٍ اسْتَهَمُوا عَلَى سَفِينَةٍ فَصَارَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي أَسْفَلِهَا وَصَارَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي أَعْلَاهَا، فَكَانَ الَّذِينَ فِي أَسْفَلِهَا يَمُرُّونَ بِالْمَاءِ عَلَى الَّذِينَ فِي أَعْلَاهَا، فَتَأَذَّوْا بِهِ فَأَخَذَ فَأْسًا فَجَعَلَ يَنْقُرُ أَسْفَلَ السَّفِينَةِ، فأتوه فقالوا: مالك؟ فَقَالَ تَأَذَّيْتُمْ بِي وَلَا بُدَّ لِي مِنَ الْمَاءِ (١) فَإِنْ أَخَذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ أَنْجَوْهُ وَنَجَّوْا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَإِنْ تَرَكُوهُ أَهْلَكُوهُ وَأَهْلَكُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ" (٢) . ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُوا وَاخْتَلَفُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (١٠٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُوا وَاخْتَلَفُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ﴾ قَالَ أَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: هُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ: الْمُبْتَدِعَةُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَقَالَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ ﵁ هُمُ الْحَرُورِيَّةُ بِالشَّامِ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ: وَقَفَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِ (٣) الْحَرُورِيَّةِ بِالشَّامِ فَقَالَ: هُمْ كِلَابُ النَّارِ، كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ فَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِمْ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُوا وَاخْتَلَفُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ﴿أَكَفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "من سرّه أن سَرَّهُ بُحْبُوحَةُ الْجَنَّةِ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ مَعَ الْفَذِّ وَهُوَ مِنَ الِاثْنَيْنِ أَبْعَدُ" (٤) .

(١) في أ: "ماء". (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الشهادات باب القرعة في المشكلات: ٥ / ٢٩٢ بلفظه، وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٤٢ بألفاظ مقاربة. (٣) في أ: "رؤوس". (٤) قطعة من حديث طويل في خطبة عمر بالجابية، أخرجه الترمذي: في الفتن باب ما جاء في لزوم الجماعة: ٦ / ٣٨٣ - ٣٨٦ وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه، وقد رواه ابن المبارك عن محمد بن سوقة، وقد روي هذا الحديث من غير وجه عن عمر عن النبي ﷺ وأخرجه ابن أبي عاصم في السنة: برقم (٨٦ - ٨٨) : ١ / ٤٢ واللالكائي في شرح أصول اعتقاد أهل السنة والجماعة: ١ / ١٠٦ - ١٠٧ والحاكم في المستدرك: ١ / ١١٤ وصححه على شرط الشيخين ووافقه الذهبي وذكر له شاهدين. والإمام أحمد في المسند ١ / ١٨ عن عمر ﵁ وصححه الألباني في تعليقه على السنة لابن أبي عاصم.