Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/84)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and that you are pledging allegiance to him to wage war against us. By Allah, there is no Arab tribe with whom we would hate more for war to break out than you.” (1)

He said: The polytheists among our people who were there then rose and swore to them by Allah, “Nothing of this has happened, nor have we known of it.” They spoke the truth, for they did not know; while some of us looked at others. The people rose to depart, and among them was al-Harith ibn Hisham ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi (2), wearing a pair of new sandals. He said: I said something to him, as though I wished to ⦗66/a⦘ involve the people in what he was saying: “O Jabir, are you not able, though you are one of our leading men, to acquire sandals like those of this young man from Quraysh?”

Al-Harith heard this, removed them from his feet, threw them to me, and said, “By Allah, you shall certainly wear them.” Abu Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “Enough! By Allah, you have angered the young man; give him back his sandals.” He replied, “I will not return them. It is, by Allah, a favorable omen; and by Allah, if the omen proves true, I shall surely strip him of his possessions.” (3)

He said: Then the Ansar returned to Medina, having firmly concluded the pact. When they arrived there, they openly professed Islam, and news of this reached Quraysh. They then persecuted the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to his Companions, “Allah Most High has granted you brothers and a land in which you may live securely.” He therefore commanded them to emigrate to Medina and join their brothers among the Ansar.

The first to emigrate to Medina was Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi, followed by ‘Amir ibn Rabi‘ah, then ‘Abd Allah ibn Jahsh. Thereafter, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, migrated to Medina in successive groups. Thus Allah united the people of Medina—its Aws and Khazraj—through Islam, and reconciled them through His Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. (4)

Allah Most High said: “Remember Allah’s favor upon you,” O assembly of the Ansar, “when you were enemies” before Islam, “then He joined your hearts together” through Islam, “and you became”—that is, you came to be—“brothers through His favor,” through His mercy and through His religion, Islam: brothers in religion and mutual loyalty. “And you,” O assembly of the Aws and Khazraj, “were on the brink of a pit of the Fire,” that is, on the edge of a pit, like the rim of a well. Its meaning is: You stood at the edge of a pit of the Fire, with nothing standing between you and falling into it except dying upon your disbelief. “Then He saved you from it” through faith. “Thus Allah makes His signs clear to you, so that you may be rightly guided.”

“And let there be among you a community that calls to all that is good, enjoins what is right, and forbids what is wrong; they are the successful.” (104)

“And let there be among you a community”: that is, be a community. The particle “from” is supplementary and does not indicate a part, as in His saying, “So avoid the filth of idols.”

(1) Omitted in Manuscript A. (2) Omitted in Manuscript A. (3) Manuscript A reads: “la-astaghlabannahu” (“I shall surely overpower him”). (4) Ibn Ishaq relates this account in al-Maghazi, 1:265-266, in Sirat Ibn Hisham with al-Rawd al-Unuf; al-Tabari likewise reports it from him in his Tafsir, 7:78-79.

وَتُبَايِعُونَهُ عَلَى حَرْبِنَا، وَإِنَّهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا حَيٌّ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيْنَا أَنْ تَنْشَبَ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ [مِنْكُمْ] (١) قَالَ: فَانْبَعَثَ مَنْ هُنَاكَ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي قَوْمِنَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَهُمْ بِاللَّهِ: مَا كَانَ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْءٌ وَمَا عَلِمْنَاهُ وَصَدَقُوا، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا، وَبَعْضُنَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، وَقَامَ الْقَوْمُ وَفِيهِمُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ [الْمَخْزُومِيُّ] (٢) وَعَلَيْهِ نَعْلَانِ جَدِيدَانِ، قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ كَلِمَةً كَأَنِّي أريد أن ٦٦/أأُشْرِكَ الْقَوْمَ بِهَا فِيمَا قَالُوا يَا جَابِرُ أَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ وَأَنْتَ سَيِّدٌ مِنْ سَادَاتِنَا مِثْلَ نَعْلَيْ هَذَا الْفَتَى مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، قَالَ فَسَمِعَهَا الْحَارِثُ فَخَلَعَهُمَا مِنْ رِجْلَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَمَى بِهِمَا إِلَيَّ وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَتَنْتَعِلَنَّهُمَا قَالَ يَقُولُ أَبُو جَابِرٍ ﵁: مَهْ وَاللَّهِ أَحْفَظْتَ الْفَتَى فَارْدُدْ إِلَيْهِ نَعْلَيْهِ، قَالَ: لَا أَرُدُّهُمَا فَأْلٌ -وَاللَّهِ -صَالِحٌ وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ صَدَقَ الْفَأْلُ [لَأَسْلُبَنَّهُ] (٣) . قَالَ: ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَدْ شَدَّدُوا الْعَقْدَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوهَا أَظْهَرُوا الْإِسْلَامَ بِهَا وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ قُرَيْشًا فَآذَوْا أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ إِخْوَانًا وَدَارًا تَأْمَنُونَ فِيهَا" فَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَاللُّحُوقِ بِإِخْوَانِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ. فَأَوَّلُ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، ثُمَّ عَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ ثُمَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ ثُمَّ تَتَابَعَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْسَالًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَجَمَعَ اللَّهُ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَوْسَهَا وَخَزْرَجَهَا بِالْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَصْلَحَ ذَاتَ بَيْنِهِمْ بِنَبِيِّهِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ (٤) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ ﴿إِذْ كُنْتُمْ أَعْدَاءً﴾ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ ﴿فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ﴾ بِالْإِسْلَامِ، ﴿فَأَصْبَحْتُمْ﴾ أَيْ فَصِرْتُمْ، ﴿بِنِعْمَتِهِ﴾ بِرَحْمَتِهِ وَبِدِينِهِ الْإِسْلَامِ، ﴿إِخْوَانًا﴾ فِي الدِّينِ وَالْوِلَايَةِ بَيْنَكُمْ ﴿وَكُنْتُمْ﴾ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ ﴿عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ﴾ أَيْ عَلَى طَرَفِ حُفْرَةٍ مِثْلِ شَفَا الْبِئْرِ مَعْنَاهُ: كُنْتُمْ عَلَى طَرَفِ حُفْرَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْوُقُوعِ فِيهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَمُوتُوا عَلَى كُفْرِكُمْ، ﴿فَأَنْقَذَكُمُ﴾ اللَّهُ ﴿مِنْهَا﴾ بِالْإِيمَانِ، ﴿كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ﴾ ﴿وَلْتَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أُمَّةٌ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (١٠٤) ﴾ ﴿وَلْتَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أُمَّةٌ﴾ أَيْ: كُونُوا أُمَّةً، ﴿مِنْ﴾ صِلَةٌ لَيْسَتْ لِلتَّبْعِيضِ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: " فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ "

(١) ساقط من (أ) . (٢) ساقط من (أ) . (٣) في أ: (لأستغلبنه) . (٤) أخرج هذه القصة ابن إسحاق في المغازي ١ / ٢٦٥ - ٢٦٦ من سيرة ابن هشام مع الروض الأنف وعنه أخرجها الطبري في التفسير: ٧ / ٧٨ - ٧٩.