Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/83)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

sent you as a Prophet with the truth, we shall surely protect you as we protect our women. So pledge allegiance with us, O Messenger of Allah, for we are a people of war and arms, inherited from one generation to the next.”

He said: Then Abu al-Haytham ibn al-Tayyihan [interrupted] (1) al-Bara’ as he was speaking with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “O Messenger of Allah, there are ties between us and other people”—meaning treaties—“and we are about to sever them. If we do so, and then Allah grants you victory, might you return to your own people and leave us?” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, smiled and said, “Blood for blood, and destruction for destruction. You are of me, and I am of you. I shall fight those whom you fight and make peace with those with whom you make peace.”

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Choose for me twelve leaders from among you, as guarantors for their people concerning what is required of them, just as the disciples were guarantors for Jesus, son of Mary.” So they chose twelve leaders: nine from the Khazraj and three from the Aws.

‘Asim ibn ‘Amr ibn Qatadah said: When the people gathered to pledge allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Ubadah ibn Nadlah al-Ansari said, “O assembly of Khazraj, do you know on what basis you are pledging allegiance to this man? You are pledging allegiance to him for war against all peoples, the red and the black. If you think that, when calamity has exhausted your wealth and your nobles lie slain, you will surrender him, then do so now. For, by Allah, if you do so, it will be disgrace in this world and the Hereafter. But if you believe that you will fulfil what you have called him to, despite the loss of wealth and the killing of your nobles, then take him. For, by Allah, it is the good of this world and the Hereafter.”

They said, “We shall take him despite the loss of wealth and the killing of our nobles. But what shall we have, O Messenger of Allah, if we fulfil this?” He said, “Paradise.” He said, “Hold out your hand.” So he held out his hand, and they pledged allegiance to him. The first to clasp his hand was al-Bara’ ibn Ma‘rur, and then the people followed in succession (2).

When we had pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, Satan cried out from the top of al-‘Aqabah in the most piercing voice I had ever heard: “O people of al-Jababib! Will you not deal with Mudhammam and the apostates, who have gathered to fight you?” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “This is the enemy of Allah; this is Azabb of al-‘Aqabah. Listen, enemy of Allah! By Allah, I shall indeed deal with you.” Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Return to your camps.”

Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Ubadah ibn Nadlah said, “By Him who sent you with the truth, if you wish, we shall [attack] (3) the people of Mina tomorrow with our swords.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, replied, “We have not been commanded to do that. Rather, return to your camps.”

He said: So we returned to our sleeping places and slept there until morning. When morning came, the leading men of Quraysh came to us at our lodgings and said, “O assembly of Khazraj, we have heard that you came to this companion of ours to take him away from among us—

(1) Manuscript A reads: “fa-arada” (“so he presented”). (2) Manuscript A reads: “tubayi'u” (“you pledge allegiance”). (3) Manuscript B reads: “lanumalliyanna” (“We shall surely grant respite”).

بَعْثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيًّا لَنَمْنَعُكَ مِمَّا نَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ أُزُرَنَا فَبَايِعْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَنَحْنُ أَهْلُ الْحَرْبِ وَأَهْلُ الْحَلْقَةِ وَرِثْنَاهَا كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ. قَالَ: [فَاعْتَرَضَ] (١) الْقَوْلَ -وَالْبَرَاءُ يُكَلِّمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ -أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ بْنُ التَّيْهَانِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ حِبَالًا يَعْنِي الْعُهُودَ، وَإِنَّا قَاطِعُوهَا فَهَلْ عَسَيْتَ إِنْ فَعَلْنَا نَحْنُ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَظْهَرَكَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى قَوْمِكَ وَتَدَعَنَا، فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: الدَّمُ الدَّمُ وَالْهَدْمُ الْهَدْمُ أَنْتُمْ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْكُمْ أُحَارِبُ مَنْ حَارَبْتُمْ وَأُسَالِمُ مَنْ سَالَمْتُمْ. وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَخْرِجُوا إِلَيَّ مِنْكُمُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ نَقِيبًا كُفَلَاءَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِمْ بِمَا فِيهِمْ كَكَفَالَةِ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ لِعِيسَى بن مَرْيَمَ" فَأَخْرَجُوا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ نَقِيبًا تِسْعَةً مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ وَثَلَاثَةً مِنَ الْأَوْسِ. قَالَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَتَادَةَ: إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ لَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا لِبَيْعَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْخَزْرَجِ هَلْ تَدْرُونَ عَلَامَا تُبَايِعُونَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ؟ إِنَّكُمْ تُبَايِعُونَهُ عَلَى حَرْبِ الْأَحْمَرِ وَالْأَسْوَدِ، فَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا نَهَكَتْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ وَأَشْرَافَكُمْ قَتْلَى أَسْلَمْتُمُوهُ، فَمِنَ الْآنَ، فَهُوَ وَاللَّهِ إِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ خِزْيٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ أَنَّكُمْ وَافُونَ لَهُ بِمَا دَعَوْتُمُوهُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ تَهْلُكَةِ الْأَمْوَالِ وَقَتْلِ الْأَشْرَافِ فَخُذُوهُ فَهُوَ وَاللَّهِ خَيْرُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ. قَالُوا: فَإِنَّا نَأْخُذُهُ عَلَى مُصِيبَةِ الْأَمْوَالِ وَقَتْلِ الْأَشْرَافِ، فَمَا لَنَا بِذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ نَحْنُ وَفَّيْنَا؟ قَالَ: "الْجَنَّةُ" قَالَ: ابْسُطْ يَدَكَ فَبَسَطَ يَدَهُ فَبَايَعُوهُ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ ضَرَبَ عَلَى يَدِهِ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَعْرُورٍ ثُمَّ تَتَابَعَ (٢) الْقَوْمُ، فَلَمَّا بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَرَخَ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْعَقَبَةِ بِأَنْفَذِ صَوْتٍ مَا سَمِعْتُهُ قَطُّ: يَا أَهْلَ الْجَبَاجِبِ هَلْ لَكُمْ فِي مُذَمَّمٍ وَالصُّبَاةِ قَدِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى حَرْبِكُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: هَذَا عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ، هَذَا أَزَبُّ الْعَقَبَةِ، اسْمَعْ أَيْ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَأَفْرُغَنَّ لَكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رسول الله ﷺ: ارفضوا إِلَى رِحَالِكُمْ. فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَئِنْ شِئْتَ [لَنَمِيلَنَّ] (٣) غَدًا عَلَى أَهْلِ مِنًى بِأَسْيَافِنَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَمْ نُؤْمَرْ بِذَلِكَ وَلَكِنِ ارْجِعُوا إِلَى رِحَالِكُمْ. قَالَ فَرَجَعْنَا إِلَى مَضَاجِعِنَا فَنِمْنَا عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى أَصْبَحْنَا فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا غَدَتْ عَلَيْنَا جِلَّةُ قريش حتى جاؤونا فِي مَنَازِلِنَا، فَقَالُوا: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْخَزْرَجِ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّكُمْ جِئْتُمْ صَاحِبَنَا هَذَا تَسْتَخْرِجُونَهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِنَا

(١) في أ: "فعرض". (٢) في أ: (تبايع) . (٣) في ب: (لنملين) .