Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/72)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and Abu Hanifah held this view. Another group held that an execution prescribed by the Law may be carried out within it. However, if someone commits the crime within the Sacred Precinct, then his punishment is carried out there by consensus.

It was also said that its meaning is: whoever enters it venerating it and seeking nearness to Allah will be safe from punishment on the Day of Resurrection.

Concerning His words, exalted is He: “Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by all people who are able to make their way to it”: that is, pilgrimage to the House is an obligation imposed by Allah upon people. Abu Ja‘far, Hamzah, al-Kisa’i, and Hafs recited it as “hijj al-bayt,” with an i-vowel on the initial letter, in this particular word alone; the others recited it as “hajj al-bayt,” with an a-vowel. This is the dialect of the people of the Hijaz. Both are eloquent Arabic usages and have the same meaning.

Hajj is one of the pillars of Islam. Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Abd Allah ibn Musa informed us; Hanzalah ibn Abi Sufyan informed us, from Ikrimah ibn Khalid, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Islam is built upon five: bearing witness that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; establishing prayer; giving zakat; ⦗64a⦘ pilgrimage; and fasting Ramadan.” (1)

The scholars said: There are five conditions for Hajj to be obligatory: Islam, sound reason, maturity, freedom, and ability. Thus, it is not obligatory upon the unbeliever or the insane person. Even if they were to perform Hajj themselves, it would not be valid, for the unbeliever is not qualified to perform acts of worship, and the act of an insane person has no legal standing. Nor is it obligatory upon a child or a slave. Yet if a discerning child or a slave performs Hajj, their Hajj is valid as a voluntary act, but it does not discharge the obligation of Islam from either of them. Therefore, if the child reaches maturity, or the slave is emancipated, after having performed Hajj, and the conditions making Hajj obligatory are met in his case, he must perform Hajj again. Nor is it obligatory upon one who lacks the means, due to His saying, exalted is He: “who are able to make their way to it.” Yet if he undertakes the journey and performs Hajj, the obligation of Islam is discharged from him.

Ability is of two kinds: the first is to be able in one’s own person, and the other is to be able through another. Ability in one’s own person means that one is physically able to travel and has provisions and a mount. Abd al-Wahid ibn Muhammad al-Kisa’i al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi‘ ibn Sulayman informed us; al-Shafi‘i informed us; Sa‘id ibn Salim informed us, from Ibrahim ibn Yazid, from Muhammad ibn Abbad ibn Ja‘far, who said: We sat with Abd Allah

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in *Faith*, chapter: “Your supplication is your faith,” 1:49; by Muslim in *Faith*, chapter: “The Pillars of Faith,” no. 19, 1:45; and by the author in *Sharh al-Sunnah*, 1:17. (2) In A: “statement.” (3) Omitted in A. (4) In A: “with his body.”

وَبِهِ قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، وَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الْقَتْلَ الْوَاجِبَ بِالشَّرْعِ يُسْتَوْفَى فِيهِ أَمَّا إِذَا ارْتَكَبَ الْجَرِيمَةَ فِي الْحَرَمِ يُسْتَوْفَى فِيهِ عُقُوبَتَهُ بِالِاتِّفَاقِ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ وَمَنْ دَخَلَهُ مُعَظِّمًا لَهُ مُتَقَرِّبًا إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ كَانَ آمِنًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾ أَيْ: وَلِلَّهِ فَرْضٌ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ، قَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ وَحَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ وَحَفْصٌ ﴿حِجُّ الْبَيْتَ﴾ بِكَسْرِ الْحَاءِ فِي هَذَا الْحَرْفِ خَاصَّةً، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِفَتْحِ الْحَاءِ، وَهِيَ لُغَةُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ، وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ فَصِيحَتَانِ وَمَعْنَاهُمَا وَاحِدٌ. وَالْحَجُّ أَحَدُ أَرْكَانِ الْإِسْلَامِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَنَا حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وإيتاءِ الزكاة ٦٤/أوَالْحَجِّ وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ (١) . قَالَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ: وَلِوُجُوبِ الْحَجِّ خَمْسُ شَرَائِطَ: الْإِسْلَامُ وَالْعَقْلُ وَالْبُلُوغُ وَالْحُرِّيَّةُ وَالِاسْتِطَاعَةُ، فَلَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَجْنُونِ، وَلَوْ حَجَّا بِأَنْفُسِهِمَا لَا يَصِحُّ لِأَنَّ الْكَافِرَ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرْبَةِ وَلَا حُكْمَ [لِفِعْلِ] (٢) الْمَجْنُونِ، وَلَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الصَّبِيِّ وَلَا عَلَى الْعَبْدِ، وَلَوْ حَجَّ صَبِيٌّ يَعْقِلُ، أَوْ عَبْدٌ يَصِحُّ حَجُّهُمَا تَطَوُّعًا لَا يَسْقُطُ بِهِ فَرْضُ الْإِسْلَامِ عَنْهُمَا فَلَوْ بَلَغَ الصَّبِيُّ، أَوْ عُتِقَ الْعَبْدُ بَعْدَمَا حَجَّ وَاجْتَمَعَ فِي حَقِّهِ شَرَائِطُ [وُجُوبِ] (٣) الْحَجِّ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَحُجَّ ثَانِيًا، وَلَا يَجِبَ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْمُسْتَطِيعِ، لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ تَكَلَّفَ فَحَجَّ يَسْقُطُ عَنْهُ فَرَضُ الْإِسْلَامِ. وَالِاسْتِطَاعَةُ نَوْعَانِ، أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنْ يَكُونَ مُسْتَطِيعًا [بِنَفْسِهِ] (٤) وَالْآخَرُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ مُسْتَطِيعًا بِغَيْرِهِ، أَمَّا الِاسْتِطَاعَةُ بِنَفْسِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَادِرًا بِنَفْسِهِ عَلَى الذِّهَابِ وَوَجَدَ الزَّادَ وَالرَّاحِلَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكِسَائِيُّ الْخَطِيبُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ: قَعَدْنَا إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الإيمان باب دعاؤكم إيمانكم: ١ / ٤٩ ومسلم في الإيمان: باب أركان الإيمان برقم (١٩) : ١ / ٤٥ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٧. (٢) في أ: قول. (٣) ساقط من: أ. (٤) في أ: "ببدنه".