Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/67)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

its sweet water. Anas said: When this verse was revealed: “You will never attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love,” Abu Talhah went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “O Messenger of Allah, Allah, exalted is He, says in His Book: ‘You will never attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love.’ The property dearest to me is Bayruha’, and I give it in charity for Allah’s sake, hoping for its reward and for it to be stored up for me with Allah. So dispose of it, O Messenger of Allah, as you see fit.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Excellent, excellent! That is a profitable property”—or he said, “That is a property of profit. I have heard what you said concerning it, and I think that you should distribute it among your nearest relatives.” Abu Talhah said, “I will do so, O Messenger of Allah.” So Abu Talhah distributed it among his relatives and paternal cousins.” (1)

It is related from Mujahid that he said: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab—may Allah be pleased with him—wrote to Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari, asking him to purchase for him a slave-girl from among the captives of Jalula on the day it was conquered. She was brought to him, and he was pleased with her. He said, “Allah, mighty and majestic is He, says: ‘You will never attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love.’” So ‘Umar set her free. (2)

Hamzah ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar reported that this verse came to the mind of ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar: “You will never attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love.” Ibn ‘Umar said, “I considered what Allah, mighty and majestic is He, had given me, and there was nothing dearer to me than so-and-so. She is free for Allah’s sake.” He said, “Had it not been that I do not take back anything that I have given for Allah’s sake, I would have married her.” (3)

“And whatever you spend of anything, Allah surely knows it,” that is, He knows it and rewards for it.

“Every food was lawful for the Children of Israel except what Israel had made unlawful for himself before the Torah was sent down. Say, ‘Then bring the Torah and recite it, if you are truthful.’ (93) So whoever fabricates a lie against Allah after that—it is they who are the wrongdoers. (94)”

His saying, exalted is He, “Every food was lawful for the Children of Israel except what Israel had made unlawful for himself before the Torah was sent down”: The occasion of revelation for this verse was that the Jews said to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, “You claim to follow the religion of Abraham, yet Abraham did not eat camel meat or drink its milk, whereas you do. Therefore, you do not follow his religion!” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “That was lawful for Abraham.” They said, “Everything that we prohibit today was prohibited to Noah and Abraham, and remained so until it reached us.” So Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. (4) “Every food was lawful for the Children of Israel,” meaning apart from carrion and blood, for these had never been lawful.

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Zakat, chapter “Zakat Given to Relatives,” 3:325; in Agency, chapter “When a Man Says to His Agent: ‘Place It Wherever Allah Directs You,’” 4:493; and in Tafsir, under the exegesis of Surah Al Imran, chapter “You will never attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love,” 8:223. It also appears in Wills and Drinks. Reported by Muslim in Zakat, chapter “The Merit of Spending and Giving Charity to Close Relatives,” no. 998, 2:693; and by al-Baghawi in Sharh al-Sunnah, 6:189-90. (2) Al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:260, which attributes it to Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn Jarir, and Ibn al-Mundhir. (3) Reported by al-Tabari through Ibn Abi Najih from Mujahid, 6:588. See also al-Kafi al-Shaf by Ibn Hajar, p. 27; al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:260. (4) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 3:2; Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 148.

مَاءٍ فِيهَا طَيِّبٍ، قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ قَامَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ: ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ أَمْوَالِي إِلَيَّ بَيْرُحَاءُ وَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ لِلَّهِ أَرْجُو بِرَّهَا وَذُخْرَهَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، فَضَعْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَخٍ بَخٍ ذَلِكَ مَالٌ رَابِحٌ. أَوْ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ مَالُ رَابِحٍ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَا قُلْتَ فِيهَا وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَجْعَلَهَا فِي الْأَقْرَبِينَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَفْعَلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَسَّمَهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ فِي أَقَارِبِهِ وَبَنِي عَمِّهِ" (١) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ لَهُ جَارِيَةً مِنْ سَبْيِ جَلُولَاءَ يَوْمَ فُتِحَتْ فَدَعَا بِهَا فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَقُولُ: ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ فَأَعْتَقَهَا عُمَرُ (٢) . وَعَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: خَطَرَتْ عَلَى قَلْبِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ ﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: فَذَكَرْتُ مَا أَعْطَانِي اللَّهُ ﷿، فَمَا كَانَ شَيْءٌ أَعْجَبَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ فُلَانَةٍ، هِيَ حُرَّةٌ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، قَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنَّنِي لَا أَعُودُ فِي شَيْءٍ جَعَلْتُهُ لِلَّهِ لَنَكَحْتُهَا (٣) . ﴿وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ﴾ أَيْ: يَعْلَمُهُ وَيُجَازِي بِهِ. ﴿كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (٩٣) فَمَنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (٩٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ﴾ سَبَبُ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَالُوا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ عَلَى مِلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟ وَكَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لَا يَأْكُلُ لُحُومَ الْإِبِلِ وَأَلْبَانَهَا وَأَنْتَ تَأْكُلُهَا، فَلَسْتَ عَلَى مِلَّتِهِ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كَانَ ذَلِكَ حَلَالًا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇" فَقَالُوا: كُلُّ مَا نُحَرِّمُهُ الْيَوْمَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ حَرَامًا عَلَى نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٤) ﴿كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ﴾ يُرِيدُ: سِوَى الْمَيْتَةِ وَالدَّمِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَلَالًا قَطُّ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة باب الزكاة على الأقارب: ٣ / ٣٢٥، وفي الوكالة باب إذا قال الرجل لوكيله: ضعه حيث أراك الله: ٤ / ٤٩٣، وفي التفسير تفسير سورة آل عمران باب: "لن تنالوا البر حتى تنفقوا مما تحبون" ٨ / ٢٢٣. وفي الوصايا والأشربة. وأخرجه مسلم في الزكاة باب فضل النفقة والصدقة على الأقربين. . . برقم (٩٩٨) : ٢ / ٦٩٣ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٨٩ - ١٩٠. (٢) الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٢٦٠ وعزاه لعبد بن حميد وابن جرير وابن المنذر. (٣) أخرجه الطبري من رواية ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد: ٦ / ٥٨٨، وانظر: الكافي الشاف لابن حجر ص ٢٧، الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٢٦٠. (٤) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٣ / ٢، أسباب النزول ص (١٤٨) .