Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/58)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“O Messenger of Allah, this man has deprived me of a piece of land that belongs to me and had belonged to my father.” The Kindi said, “It is land in my possession which I cultivate, and he has no right to it.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to the man from Hadramawt, “Do you have evidence?” He replied, “No.” He said, “Then he must take an oath.” He said, “O Messenger of Allah, the man is wicked; he does not care what he swears to.” He said, “You have no recourse against him except that.”

The man went off to swear the oath. As he turned away, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Indeed, if he swears concerning the property in order to consume it wrongfully, he will surely meet Allah while He turns away from him.” (1)

Abd al-Malik ibn Umayr also narrated it from Alqamah, saying that he was Imru’ al-Qays ibn Abis al-Kindi, and that his opponent was Rabi‘ah ibn Abdan.

It is also related that, when he was about to swear the oath, this verse was revealed. Imru’ al-Qays therefore refrained from swearing, acknowledged his opponent’s right, and handed it over to him.

Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Mus‘ab informed us, from Malik, from al-Ala’ ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Sa‘id ibn Ka‘b, from his brother Abd Allah ibn Ka‘b ibn Malik, from Abu Umamah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever, by his oath, wrongfully takes the right of a Muslim, Allah has forbidden Paradise to him and made the Fire incumbent upon him.” They asked, “Even if it is something insignificant, O Messenger of Allah?” He said, “Even if it is a branch from an arak tree.” He said this three times. (2)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Amr ibn Muhammad informed us; Hushaym ibn Muhammad informed us; al-Awwam ibn Hawshab informed us, from Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Abd Allah ibn Abi Awfa, that a man displayed merchandise in the marketplace and swore by Allah that he had been offered for it what he had not in fact been offered, in order to induce a Muslim to buy it. Then this was revealed: “Indeed, those who trade Allah’s covenant and their oaths for a paltry price.” (3)

Concerning His saying, “Indeed, those who trade,” that is, exchange, “Allah’s covenant”—meaning the trust—and “their oaths,” that is, their false oaths, “for a paltry price,” meaning some insignificant portion of the fleeting gains of this world: “Those will have no share” means they will have no portion “in the Hereafter” or in its bliss. “Allah will not speak to them” with speech that benefits or pleases them. It was also said that this means wrath, just as a man says, “I will not speak to so-and-so,” when he is angry with him. “Nor will He look upon them on the Day of Resurrection,” meaning that He will not show them mercy, treat them graciously, or grant them any good. “Nor will He purify them,” meaning that He will neither praise them nor cleanse them of their sins. “And theirs will be a painful punishment.”

Isma‘il ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghaffar ibn Muhammad al-Farisi informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad informed us; Sufyan informed us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj informed us; Muhammad ibn Ja‘far informed us, from Shu‘bah, from Ali ibn Mudrik, from Abu

(1) Reported by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman (Faith), chapter: “The Warning that One Who Unjustly Takes a Muslim’s Right by a Sinful Oath Will Enter the Fire,” no. 223, 1:123-124. (2) Reported by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman (Faith), chapter: “The Warning that One Who Unjustly Takes a Muslim’s Right by a Sinful Oath Will Enter the Fire,” no. 218, 1:122; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:113. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Tafsir, under the interpretation of Surat Al Imran, chapter: “Indeed, those who exchange Allah’s covenant and their oaths for a small price shall have no share,” 8:213.

الْحَضْرَمِيُّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا قَدْ غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضٍ لِي كَانَتْ لِأَبِي، فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ: هِيَ أَرْضٌ فِي يَدِي أَزْرَعُهَا، لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ: "أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ"؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: "فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ" قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ فَاجِرٌ لَا يُبَالِي عَلَى مَا يَحْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: "لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ" فَانْطَلَقَ لِيَحْلِفَ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَمَا لَئِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِهِ لِيَأْكُلَهُ ظُلْمًا لَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ" (١) وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَقَالَ هُوَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ بْنُ عَابِسٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ وَخَصْمُهُ رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ. وَرُوِيَ لَمَّا هَمَّ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَامْتَنَعَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ، وَأَقَرَّ لِخَصْمِهِ بِحَقِّهِ وَدَفْعَهُ إِلَيْهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ حَقَّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَوْجَبَ لَهُ النَّارَ" قَالُوا: وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: "وَإِنْ كَانَ قَضِيبًا مَنْ أَرَاكٍ" قَالَهَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَا هُشَيْمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَا الْعَوَّامُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَقَامَ سِلْعَةً وَهُوَ فِي السُّوقِ فَحَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ بِهَا مَا لَمْ يُعْطَ لِيُوقِعَ فِيهَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ (٣) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ﴾ أَيْ: يَسْتَبْدِلُونَ ﴿بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ﴾ وَأَرَادَ الْأَمَانَةَ، ﴿وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ﴾ الْكَاذِبَةِ ﴿ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ أَيْ: شَيْئًا قَلِيلًا مِنْ حُطَامِ الدُّنْيَا، ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ﴾ لَا نَصِيبَ لَهُمْ ﴿فِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ وَنَعِيمِهَا، ﴿وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ كَلَامًا يَنْفَعُهُمْ وَيَسُرُّهُمْ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ بِمَعْنَى الْغَضَبِ، كَمَا يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ: إِنِّي لَا أُكَلِّمُ فُلَانًا إِذَا كَانَ غَضِبَ عَلَيْهِ، ﴿وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَرْحَمُهُمْ وَلَا يُحْسِنُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُنِيلُهُمْ خَيْرًا، ﴿وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يُثْنِي عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْجَمِيلِ وَلَا يُطَهِّرُهُمْ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ، ﴿وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَفَّارِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَا سُفْيَانُ، أَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُدْرِكٍ عَنْ أَبِي

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان باب وعيد من اقتطع حق مسلم بيمين فاجرة بالنار برقم (٢٢٣) : ١ / ١٢٣ - ١٢٤. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان باب وعيد من اقتطع حق مسلم بيمين فاجرة بالنار برقم (٢١٨) : ١ / ١٢٢ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ١١٣. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير في تفسير سورة آل عمران باب "إن الذين يشترون بعهد الله وأيمانهم ثمنا قليلا أولئك لا خلاق لهم": ٨ / ٢١٣.