Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/46)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Others said that what is meant by tawaffi is death. It is narrated [from] (1) Ali ibn Talhah, from Ibn Abbas, that its meaning is: “Indeed, I shall cause you to die.” This is indicated by His saying, “Say: ‘The Angel of Death appointed over you will take you in death’” (al-Sajdah 32:11). According to this view, it has two interpretations. The first is what Wahb said: ⦗59/b⦘ Allah caused Jesus to die for three hours of the day, then Allah raised him to Himself. Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: “The Christians claim that Allah Most High caused him to die for seven hours of the day, then revived him and raised him up.” The other is what al-Dahhak and a group said: there is inversion in the order of this verse, its meaning being: “Indeed, I shall raise you to Myself, purify you from those who disbelieve, and cause you to die after your descent from heaven.”

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Shurayh informed us; Abu al-Qasim Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Baghawi informed us; Ali ibn al-Ja‘d informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Salamah al-Majishun informed us, from Ibn Shihab, from Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “By Him in whose hand is Muhammad’s soul, the son of Mary will soon descend among you as a just judge: he will break the cross, kill the swine, abolish the jizyah, and wealth will become so abundant that no one will accept it.” (2)

It is also related from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said concerning the descent of Jesus, peace be upon him: “In his time, all religious communities except Islam will perish, and the Dajjal will perish. Jesus will then remain on earth for forty years, after which he will die, and the Muslims will offer the funeral prayer over him.” (3)

Al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl was asked, “Do you find Jesus’ descent mentioned in the Quran?” He said, “Yes: ‘and as a mature man.’ Yet he did not reach mature age in this world; rather, it means that he will be a mature man after his descent from heaven.”

His saying, “and purify you from those who disbelieve,” means: I shall remove you from among them and save you from them. “And I shall place those who follow you above those who disbelieve until the Day of Resurrection.” Qatadah, al-Rabi‘, al-Sha‘bi, Muqatil, and al-Kalbi said: “They are the Muslims of Muhammad’s ummah who affirmed Jesus and followed his religion of the oneness of God. They are above those who disbelieve, manifestly prevailing over them through might, power, and proof.” Al-Dahhak said: “It means the disciples being above those who disbelieved.” It was also said that they are the Romans. And it was said that the Christians are intended: they are above the Jews until the Day of Resurrection, for the Jews’ dominion has vanished, whereas the Christians’ dominion will endure until shortly before the coming of the Hour. According to this view, following means merely claiming allegiance and having affection, not following his religion.

“Then to Me is your return”—that is, in the Hereafter.

(1) Omitted from manuscript “B.” (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Prophets, chapter: “The Descent of Jesus, son of Mary,” 6:490; by Muslim in Faith, chapter: “The Descent of Jesus, son of Mary, as a judge according to the Sharia of our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him,” no. 155, 1:135-136; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:80-81. (3) Reported by Abu Dawud in Battles, chapter: “The Emergence of the Dajjal,” 6:177; al-Mundhiri made no comment on it. Ahmad also reported it in al-Musnad on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 2:406, 437, in a longer version.

وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ: الْمُرَادُ بِالتَّوَفِّي الْمَوْتُ، رُوِيَ [عَنْ] (١) عَلِيِّ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ أَنَّ مَعْنَاهُ: أَنِّي مُمِيتُكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: " قُلْ يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ " (١١ -السَّجْدَةِ) فَعَلَى هَذَا لَهُ تَأْوِيلَانِ: أَحَدُهُمَا مَا قَالَهُ وهب: توفى ٥٩/ب اللَّهُ عِيسَى ثَلَاثَ سَاعَاتٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: إِنَّ النَّصَارَى يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى تَوَفَّاهُ سَبْعَ سَاعَاتٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ ثُمَّ أَحْيَاهُ وَرَفَعَهُ، وَالْآخَرُ مَا قَالَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ وَجَمَاعَةٌ: إِنَّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ تَقْدِيمًا وَتَأْخِيرًا مَعْنَاهُ أَنِّي رَافِعُكَ إِلَيَّ وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمُتَوَفِّيكَ بَعْدَ إِنْزَالِكَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ الْمَاجِشُونُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَيُوشِكَنَّ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِيكُمُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ حَكَمًا عَادِلًا يَكْسِرُ الصَّلِيبَ، وَيَقْتُلُ الْخِنْزِيرَ وَيَضَعُ الْجِزْيَةَ، وَيَفِيضُ الْمَالُ حَتَّى لَا يَقْبَلُهُ أَحَدٌ" (٢) . وَيُرْوَى عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي نُزُولِ عِيسَى ﵇ قَالَ: "وَتَهْلِكُ فِي زَمَانِهِ الْمِلَلُ كُلُّهَا إِلَّا الْإِسْلَامَ، وَيَهْلَكُ الدَّجَّالُ فَيَمْكُثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يُتَوَفَّى فَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ" (٣) . وَقِيلَ لِلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ هَلْ تَجِدُ نُزُولَ عِيسَى فِي الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ: ﴿وَكَهْلًا﴾ وَلَمْ يَكْتَهِلْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّمَا مَعْنَاهُ وَكَهْلًا بَعْدَ نُزُولِهِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ أَيْ مُخْرِجُكَ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ وَمُنْجِيكَ مِنْهُمْ ﴿وَجَاعِلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوكَ فَوْقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَالرَّبِيعُ وَالشَّعْبِيُّ وَمُقَاتِلٌ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: هُمْ أَهْلُ الْإِسْلَامِ الَّذِينَ صَدَّقُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا دِينَهُ فِي التَّوْحِيدِ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فَهُوَ فَوْقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ظَاهِرِينَ قَاهِرِينَ بِالْعِزَّةِ وَالْمَنْعَةِ وَالْحُجَّةِ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: يَعْنِي الْحَوَارِيِّينَ فَوْقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا، وَقِيلَ: هُمْ أَهْلُ الرُّومِ، وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِهِمُ النَّصَارَى فَهُمْ فَوْقَ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَإِنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ مُلْكُهُمْ، وَمُلْكُ النَّصَارَى دَائِمٌ إِلَى قَرِيبٍ مِنْ قِيَامِ السَّاعَةِ، فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ الِاتِّبَاعُ بِمَعْنَى الِادِّعَاءِ وَالْمَحَبَّةِ لَا اتِّبَاعَ الدِّينِ. ﴿ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ﴾ فِي الْآخِرَةِ

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء. باب: نزول عيسى بن مريم ﵉: ٦ / ٤٩٠. ومسلم في الإيمان. باب: نزول عيسى بن مريم حاكما بشريعة نبينا محمد ﷺ برقم (١٥٥) ١ / ١٣٥ - ١٣٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٨٠ - ٨١. (٣) أخرجه أو داود - في الملاحم: باب: خروج الدجال: ٦ / ١٧٧ وسكت عنه المنذري. وأحمد في المسند عن أبي هريرة: ٢ / ٤٠٦، ٤٣٧ مطولا.