—and of the inward aspect—is recitation and comprehension. That is, every verse has an outward aspect: that one recites it as it was sent down. Allah Most High says, “And recite the Quran with measured recitation” (Surah al-Muzzammil, 73:4). It also has an inward aspect, which is reflection and contemplation. Allah Most High says, “A blessed Book which We have sent down to you, so that they may reflect upon its verses” (Surah Sad, 38:29).

Recitation is attained through learning and memorization by study. 4/a Comprehension is attained through sincerity of intention, reverence for its sanctity, and wholesome food.

His statement, “Every letter has a limit,” means that it has a limit in recitation and exegesis which must not be overstepped. In recitation, one must not go beyond the written text of the mushaf; and in exegesis, one must not go beyond what has been transmitted. His statement, “Every limit has a point of ascent,” means a level to which one ascends through knowledge of its meaning. It is also said that the point of ascent is understanding.

Allah may grant the reflective and contemplative person, in interpretation and meanings, what He does not grant to another. Above everyone endowed with knowledge is One All-Knowing.