Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/37)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

toward heaven and earth.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Adam informed us; Shuʿbah informed us, from Amr ibn Murrah, from Abu Musa al-Ashʿari, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Many men attained perfection, but among women none attained perfection except Mary, daughter of Imran, and Asiyah, Pharaoh’s wife. The superiority of Aishah over women is like the superiority of tharid—a bread-and-meat dish—over all other food.” (1)

Abu Saʿid Abdullah ibn Ahmad al-Tahiri informed us; my grandfather, Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Samad al-Bazzar, informed us; Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-ʿUdhafiri informed us; Ishaq al-Dayri informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Maʿmar informed us, from Qatadah, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Among the women of all worlds, it is sufficient for you to name Mary, daughter of Imran; Khadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid; Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him; and Asiyah, Pharaoh’s wife.” (2)

“Mary, be obedient to your Lord, prostrate, and bow with those who bow.” (43)

His saying, exalted is He, “Mary, be obedient to your Lord”: the angels spoke to her directly, meaning: Obey your Lord. Mujahid said: Remain standing long in prayer before your Lord. [Devout obedience means obedience.] (3) It was also said that devout obedience means prolonged standing. Al-Awzaʿi said: When the angels said this to her, she stood in prayer until her feet became swollen, and blood and pus flowed from them.

“And prostrate and bow”: It was said that prostration was mentioned before bowing because this was the order in their religious law. It was also said that bowing preceded prostration in all religious laws, and that the conjunction does not indicate sequence, but merely combination. Thus, a person may say, “I saw Zayd and Amr,” even if he had seen Amr before Zayd.

“With those who bow”: He did not say ⦗58/a⦘ “with the women who bow,” so that the expression would be broader and more inclusive, for it encompasses both men and women. It was also said that it means: with those who pray in congregation.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in The Prophets, chapter on Allah's words, “And Allah sets forth an example for those who believe: the wife of Pharaoh ... and she was among the devoutly obedient,” 6:446; and in the chapter on Allah's words, “When the angels said, ‘O Mary ...,’” 6:472. Also recorded by Muslim in The Virtues of the Companions, chapter: “The Virtues of Khadijah, Mother of the Believers,” no. 2430, 4:1886; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:163. (2) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in The Virtues, chapter: “The Virtue of Khadijah,” 10:389; he said, “This is an authentic hadith.” Also recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, on the authority of Anas, 3:135, and in Fada'il al-Sahabah, 2:755; by Ibn Hibban, p. 549 of Mawarid al-Zam'an; by al-Hakim, 3:157, who authenticated it, with al-Dhahabi concurring; and by Abu Nu'aym in al-Hilyah, 2:344. Al-Haythami attributed it to al-Tabarani in al-Awsat and said: “It contains Sulayman al-Shadhakuni, who is weak.” See Majma al-Zawa'id, 9:223. It is also recorded by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:157. The hadith is authentic. (3) Omitted from B.

إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا آدَمُ، أَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كَمُلَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ كَثِيرٌ وَلَمْ يَكْمُلْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَرْيَمَ بِنْتَ عِمْرَانَ وَآسِيَةَ امْرَأَةَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَفَضْلُ عَائِشَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ كَفَضْلِ الثَّرِيدِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الطَّعَامِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّاهِرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْبَزَّارُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْعُذَافِرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الدِّيرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ﵄ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "حَسْبُكَ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ مَرْيَمُ بِنْتُ عِمْرَانَ وَخَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ، وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَآسِيَةُ امْرَأَةُ فِرْعَوْنَ" (٢) . ﴿يَا مَرْيَمُ اقْنُتِي لِرَبِّكِ وَاسْجُدِي وَارْكَعِي مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ (٤٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿يَا مَرْيَمُ اقْنُتِي لِرَبِّكِ﴾ قَالَتْ لَهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ شَفَاهًا أَيْ أَطِيعِي رَبَّكِ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ أَطِيلِي الْقِيَامَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لِرَبِّكِ [وَالْقُنُوتُ الطَّاعَةُ] (٣) وَقِيلَ: الْقُنُوتُ طُولُ الْقِيَامِ قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: لَمَّا قَالَتْ لَهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ ذَلِكَ قَامَتْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ حَتَّى وَرِمَتْ قَدَمَاهَا وَسَالَتْ دَمًا وَقَيْحًا ﴿وَاسْجُدِي وَارْكَعِي﴾ قِيلَ: إِنَّمَا قَدَّمَ السُّجُودَ عَلَى الرُّكُوعِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ فِي شَرِيعَتِهِمْ وَقِيلَ: بَلْ كَانَ الرُّكُوعُ قَبْلَ السُّجُودِ فِي الشَّرَائِعِ كُلِّهَا وَلَيْسَ الْوَاوُ لِلتَّرْتِيبِ بَلْ لِلْجَمْعِ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ: رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا وَعَمْرًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ رَأَى عَمْرًا قَبْلَ زَيْدٍ ﴿مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ﴾ ولم يقل ٥٨/أمَعَ الرَّاكِعَاتِ لِيَكُونَ أَعَمَّ وَأَشْمَلَ فَإِنَّهُ يَدْخُلُ فِيهِ الرِّجَالُ وَالنِّسَاءُ وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ مَعَ الْمُصَلِّينَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء باب قول الله تعالى (وضرب الله مثلا للذين آمنوا امرأة فرعون. . إلى قوله وكانت من القانتين) : ٦ / ٤٤٦ وفي باب قوله تعالى: (إذ قالت الملائكة يا مريم. .) ٦ / ٤٧٢. ومسلم في فضائل الصحابة. باب: فضائل خديجة أم المؤمنين ﵂ برقم (٢٤٣٠) ٤ / ١٨٨٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١٦٣. (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في المناقب: باب: فضل خديجة ﵂ ١٠ / ٣٨٩ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح والإمام أحمد في المسند عن أنس: ٣ / ١٣٥ وفي كتاب فضائل الصحابة ٢ / ٧٥٥. وابن حبان: ص (٥٤٩) من موارد الظمآن والحاكم: ٣ / ١٥٧ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. وأبو نعيم في الحلية. ٢ / ٣٤٤ وعزاه الهيتمي للطبراني في الأوسط وقال: فيه سليمان الشاذكوني وهو ضعيف: انظر مجمع الزوائد: ٩ / ٢٢٣. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١٥٧ والحديث صحيح. (٣) ساقط من ب.