Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/30)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

so that he might be among its custodians and servants. She then conceived Mary and dedicated what was in her womb, not knowing what it was. Her husband said to her, “What have you done? What if what is in your womb is a female, who would not be fit for that?” Thus, they were both deeply troubled by this matter. Then Imran died while Hannah was pregnant with Mary.

“When she delivered her, she said, ‘My Lord, I have delivered her as a female.’ But Allah knew best what she had delivered, and the male is not like the female. ‘I have named her Mary, and I seek Your protection for her and her offspring from Satan, the accursed.’ (36)”

Regarding His words, “When she delivered her”: that is, when she gave birth to her, behold, she was a girl. The pronoun in “she delivered her” refers to the vowed offering, not to the child that was born; this is why it is feminine. Hannah said this, as she had hoped that the child would be a boy: “My Lord, I have delivered her as a female”—by way of apology to Allah.

“But Allah knew best what she had delivered”: this is a statement from Allah, and it is the recitation of the majority. Ibn Amir, Abu Bakr, and Yaqub recited it as, “what I delivered,” taking it as part of the words of Mary’s mother.

“And the male is not like the female” in serving the sanctuary and those devoted to worship therein, because of the covering required of her, her physical weakness, and what she undergoes of menstruation and postpartum bleeding.

“I have named her Mary”: in their language, Mary means “the worshipper” and “the servant.” Mary was the most beautiful and most excellent of the women of her time.

“And I seek Your protection for her”: that is, I protect her and place her in Your care. “And her offspring”: her children. “From Satan, the accursed”: Satan is the banished, cursed one, and “the accursed” means the one pelted with meteors.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Numaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Abu al-Yaman informed us; Shuayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Said ibn al-Musayyib told me that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say, “There is no child of Adam who is born except that Satan touches him at the time of his birth, and so the infant begins to cry because of Satan—except Mary and her son.” Then Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, would recite: “And I seek Your protection for her and her offspring from Satan, the accursed.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Numaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Abu al-Yaman informed us; Shuayb informed us, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-Araj, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Satan pokes every child of Adam in his side with his finger when he is born, except Jesus, son of Mary. He went to poke him, but instead poked the covering.” (2)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tafsir, Tafsir Surat Al Imran, chapter: “And I seek refuge for her . . .,” 8:212; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Fada'il, chapter “The Virtues of Isa,” no. 2366, 4:1838. It is also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:406. (2) Recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 2:523; and by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 6:342. Ibn Kathir cited it in al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah from Imam Ahmad, 2:57, and said: “This meets the conditions of the two Sahihs, though they did not record it through this chain.” See Shaykh Mahmud Shakir’s annotation to al-Tabari’s Tafsir, 6:342.

فَيَكُونُ مِنْ سَدَنَتِهِ وَخَدَمَتِهِ، فَحَمَلَتْ بِمَرْيَمَ فَحَرَّرَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا، وَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ مَا هُوَ فَقَالَ لَهَا زَوْجُهَا: وَيْحَكِ مَا صَنَعْتِ، أَرَأَيْتِ إِنْ كَانَ مَا فِي بَطْنِكِ أُنْثَى لَا تَصْلُحُ لِذَلِكَ؟ فَوَقَعَا جَمِيعًا فِي هَمٍّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهَلَكَ عِمْرَانُ وَحَنَّةُ حَامِلٌ بِمَرْيَمَ ﴿فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعْتُهَا أُنْثَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتْ وَلَيْسَ الذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنْثَى وَإِنِّي سَمَّيْتُهَا مَرْيَمَ وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ (٣٦) ﴾ ﴿فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا﴾ أَيْ وَلَدَتْهَا إِذَا هِيَ جَارِيَةٌ، وَالْهَاءُ فِي قَوْلِهِ "وَضَعَتْهَا" رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى النَّذِيرِ لَا إِلَى مَا وُلِدَ لِذَلِكَ أُنِّثَ ﴿قَالَتْ﴾ حَنَّةُ وَكَانَتْ تَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ غُلَامًا ﴿رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعْتُهَا أُنْثَى﴾ اعْتِذَارًا إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتْ﴾ بِجَزْمِ التَّاءِ إِخْبَارًا عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿ وَهِيَ قِرَاءَةُ الْعَامَّةِ وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَيَعْقُوبُ وَضَعْتُ بِرَفْعِ التَّاءِ جَعَلُوهَا مِنْ كَلَامِ أَمِّ مَرْيَمَ ﴿وَلَيْسَ الذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنْثَى﴾ فِي خِدْمَةِ الْكَنِيسَةِ وَالْعِبَادِ الَّذِينَ فِيهَا لِعَوْرَتِهَا وَضَعْفِهَا وَمَا يَعْتَرِيهَا مِنَ الْحَيْضِ وَالنِّفَاسِ ﴿وَإِنِّي سَمَّيْتُهَا مَرْيَمَ﴾ وَمَرْيَمُ بِلُغَتِهِمُ الْعَابِدَةُ وَالْخَادِمَةُ، وَكَانَتْ مَرْيَمُ أَجْمَلَ النِّسَاءِ فِي وَقْتِهَا وَأَفْضَلَهُنَّ ﴿وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا﴾ أَمْنَعُهَا وَأُجِيرُهَا ﴿بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا﴾ أَوْلَادَهَا ﴿مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ﴾ فَالشَّيْطَانُ الطَّرِيدُ اللَّعِينُ، وَالرَّجِيمُ الْمَرْمِيُّ بِالشُّهُبِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "مَا مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مَوْلُودٌ إِلَّا يَمَسُّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ حِينَ يُولَدُ، فَيَسْتَهِلُّ الصَّبِيُّ صَارِخًا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ غَيْرَ مَرْيَمَ وَابْنِهَا" ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁: "وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "كُلُّ بَنِي آدَمَ يَطْعَنُ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي جَنْبِهِ بِأُصْبُعِهِ حِينَ يُولَدُ غَيْرَ عِيسَى بن مَرْيَمَ ذَهَبَ يَطْعَنُ فَطَعَنَ فِي الْحِجَابِ" (٢) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير تفسير سورة آل عمران - باب: وإني أعيذها. . . ٨ / ٢١٢. وأخرجه مسلم في الفضائل. باب فضائل عيسى برقم (٢٣٦٦) د / ١٨٣٨. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٤٠٦. (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند عن أبي هريرة ٢ / ٥٢٣. والطبري في التفسير: ٦ / ٣٤٢. وذكره ابن كثير في البداية والنهاية عن الإمام أحمد ٢ / ٥٧ وقال: وهذا على شرط الصحيحين ولم يخرجوه من هذا الوجه. وانظر تعليق الشيخ محمود شاكر على تفسير الطبري ٦ / ٣٤٢.