Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/28)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Paradise, and whoever disobeys me has refused.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Muhammad ibn ‘Abadah informed us; Yazid informed us; Sulaym ibn Hayyan—of whom he spoke highly—informed us; Sa‘id ibn Mina said: Jabir ibn Abdullah told us, or I heard him say: “Some angels came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, while he was asleep. Some of them said, ‘He is asleep,’ while others said, ‘His eyes are asleep, but his heart is awake.’ They said, ‘This companion of yours has a parable, so present a parable for him.’ They said, ‘His likeness is that of a man who built a house, prepared a banquet in it, and sent out a caller. Whoever answers the caller enters the house and eats from the banquet; but whoever does not answer the caller neither enters the house nor eats from the banquet.’ They said, ‘Interpret it for him, so that he may understand it.’ They said, ‘The house is Paradise, and the caller is Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Whoever obeys Muhammad has obeyed Allah, and whoever disobeys Muhammad has disobeyed Allah. Muhammad distinguishes between people.’” (2)

“Indeed, Allah chose Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of Imran above all people—(33) offspring, one of another. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (34)”

Regarding His words, Exalted is He, “Indeed, Allah chose Adam and Noah,” to the end of the verse: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Jews said, “We are descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and we follow their religion.” So Allah, Exalted is He, revealed this verse—meaning: Allah chose these men for Islam, whereas you do not follow the religion of Islam.

“Chose” means selected. The word is derived from one meaning the purest part of anything. “Adam” was the father of mankind. “And Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of Imran”: It was said that by the family of Abraham and the family of Imran, He meant Abraham and Imran themselves, just as He says, Exalted is He, “and a remnant of what the family of Moses and the family of Aaron left behind” [2:248]—meaning Moses and Aaron.

Others said: The family of Abraham were Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes; and Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, was among the family of Abraham. As for the family of Imran, Muqatil said: He was Imran ibn Yashhur ibn Fahit ibn Levi ibn Jacob, peace be upon him, (4) the father of Moses and Aaron. Al-Hasan and Wahb said: He was Imran ibn Ashham ibn Amun, a descendant of Solomon son of

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-I'tisam, chapter: “Following the Sunnahs of the Messenger of Allah,” 13:249; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:192-193. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-I'tisam, chapter: “Following the Sunnahs of the Messenger of Allah,” 13:249; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:192-193. (4) In manuscripts B and A.

الْجَنَّةَ وَمِنْ عَصَانِي فَقَدْ أَبَى" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ نَا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ [وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ] ، (٢) أَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مِينَاءَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَوْ سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: جَاءَتْ مَلَائِكَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ. فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّهُ نَائِمٌ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ الْعَيْنَ نَائِمَةٌ وَالْقَلْبَ يَقْظَانُ فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ لِصَاحِبِكُمْ هَذَا مَثَلًا فَاضْرِبُوا لَهُ مَثَلًا فَقَالُوا: مَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ بَنَى دَارًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا مَأْدُبَةً وَبَعَثَ دَاعِيًا، فَمَنْ أَجَابَ الدَّاعِيَ دَخَلَ الدَّارَ وَأَكَلَ مِنَ الْمَأْدُبَةِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُجِبِ الدَّاعِيَ لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الدَّارَ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنَ الْمَأْدُبَةِ، فَقَالُوا: أَوِّلُوهَا لَهُ يَفْقَهُهَا، فَقَالُوا: أَمَّا الدَّارُ الْجَنَّةُ وَالدَّاعِي مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ فَمَنْ أَطَاعَ مُحَمَّدًا فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَمَنْ عَصَى مُحَمَّدًا فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَمُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ" (٣) ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى آدَمَ وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (٣٣) ذُرِّيَّةً بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (٣٤) ﴾ وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى آدَمَ وَنُوحًا﴾ الْآيَةَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ نَحْنُ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ، وَنَحْنُ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ. يَعْنِي: إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى هَؤُلَاءِ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَأَنْتُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ ﴿اصْطَفَى﴾ اخْتَارَ، افْتَعَلَ مِنَ الصَّفْوَةِ وَهِيَ الْخَالِصُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ ﴿آدَمَ﴾ أَبُو الْبَشَرِ ﴿وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ﴾ قِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ عِمْرَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇ وَعِمْرَانَ أَنْفُسَهُمَا كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى " وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ آلُ مُوسَى وَآلُ هَرُونَ " (٢٤٨ -الْبَقَرَةِ) يَعْنِي مُوسَى وَهَارُونَ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: آلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَإِسْحَاقُ وَيَعْقُوبُ وَالْأَسْبَاطُ، وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ مِنْ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇، وَأَمَّا آلَ عِمْرَانَ فَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: هُوَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ يَصْهُرَ بْنِ فَاهَتْ بْنِ لَاوِي بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ ﵇ ﴿وَالِدُ﴾ (٤) مُوسَى وَهَارُونَ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَوَهْبٌ: هُوَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ أَشْهَمَ بْنِ أَمُونَ مِنْ وَلَدِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الاعتصام - باب: الاقتداء بسنن رسول الله ﷺ ١٣ / ٢٤٩. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٩٢ - ١٩٣. (٢) ساقط من ب. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الاعتصام - باب: الاقتداء بسنن رسول الله ﷺ ١٣ / ٢٤٩. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٩٢ - ١٩٣. (٤) في ب وآل.