Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/21)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I said to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, “Which people will suffer the severest punishment on the Day of Resurrection?” He said: “A man who killed a prophet, or a man who enjoined what is right and forbade what is wrong.” Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, recited: “and kill the prophets without right, and kill those among the people who command justice,” until he reached His words: “and they will have no helpers.” Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “O Abu ‘Ubaydah, the Children of Israel killed forty-three prophets in a single hour at the beginning of the day. Then one hundred and twelve men from among the worshippers of the Children of Israel rose up; they enjoined what is right upon those who had killed them and forbade them what is wrong. So they killed them all at the end of that same day. They are the ones whom Allah mentioned in His Book and concerning whom He sent down the verse.” (2)

“Give them tidings”—that is, inform them—“of a painful punishment,” meaning a grievous one. The fa’ has been prefixed to the predicate of inna; the intended construction is: those who disbelieve and kill—give them tidings. This is because one does not say, “Indeed, Zayd is then standing.”

“Those are the ones whose deeds have come to nothing in this world and the Hereafter, and they will have no helpers.” (22)

(1) “A man” is coordinated with “a prophet.” Al-Tabari reads: “or a man who enjoined evil and forbade what is right,” coordinated with “a man.” (2) Reported by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 6:285-286. Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:168. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar stated in al-Kafi al-Shaf: “It was narrated by al-Bazzar, al-Tabarani, Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Tha'labi through his report; it contains Abu al-Hasan, the client of Banu Asad, who is unknown.” See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 25.

عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ ﵁ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَشَدُّ عَذَابًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟ قَالَ: "رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ نَبِيًّا أَوْ رَجُلًا (١) أَمَرَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَى عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ" ثُمَّ قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ﴿وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَيَقْتُلُونَ الَّذِينَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْقِسْطِ مِنَ النَّاسِ﴾ إِلَى أَنِ انْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ﴾ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَا أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ قَتَلَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ ثَلَاثَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ نَبِيًّا فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ فِي سَاعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَقَامَ مِائَةٌ وَاثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مَنْ عُبَّادِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَمَرُوا مَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَوْهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، فَقَتَلُوهُمْ جَمِيعًا فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَهُمُ الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَأَنْزَلَ الآية فيهم" (٢) ﴿فَبَشِّرْهُمْ﴾ أَخْبِرْهُمْ ﴿بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ﴾ وَجِيعٍ، وَإِنَّمَا أَدْخَلَ الْفَاءَ عَلَى خَبَرِ إِنَّ وَتَقْدِيرُهُ الَّذِينَ يَكْفُرُونَ وَيَقْتُلُونَ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُقَالُ: إِنَّ زَيْدًا فَقَائِمٌ. ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ (٢٢) ﴾

(١) عطف "رجلا" على "نبيا" وفي الطبري: " أو رجل أمر بالمنكر ونهى عن المعروف " عطفا على "رجل". (٢) أخرجه الطبري في التفسير: ٦ / ٢٨٥ - ٢٨٦ وعزاه السيوطي لابن أبي حاتم: الدر المنثور: ٢ / ١٦٨ وقال الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف: رواه البزار والطبراني وابن أبي حاتم والثعلبي من حديثه وفيه أبو الحسن مولى بني أسد وهو مجهول. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص ٢٥.