Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/16)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Those who say, ‘Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us our sins and protect us from the punishment of the Fire’; (16) those who are patient, truthful, devoutly obedient, charitable, and who seek forgiveness before dawn.” (17)

The Exalted says: “Say, ‘Shall I inform you of something better than that? For those who are mindful of Allah, with their Lord are gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever; purified spouses; and Allah’s good pleasure.’” The majority recite “good pleasure” as riḍwān, with an i-vowel on the letter r; 54/b Abu Bakr’s transmission from Asim recites it with a u-vowel on the r. Both are linguistic variants, just as ʿudwān and ʿidwān are variant forms meaning “aggression.”

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Yahya ibn Sulayman informed us; Ibn Wahb related to me; Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam, from Ata ibn Yasar, from Abu Saʿid al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah, glorified and exalted is He, will say to the people of Paradise, ‘O people of Paradise!’ They will say, ‘At Your service, our Lord, ever seeking Your pleasure; all goodness is in Your Hands.’ He will say, ‘Are you satisfied?’ They will say, ‘Why should we not be satisfied, our Lord, when You have given us what You have not given anyone else among Your creation?’ He will say, ‘Shall I not give you something better than that?’ They will say, ‘Our Lord, what could be better than that?’ He will say, ‘I shall bestow My good pleasure upon you, and I shall never be angry with you after that, ever.’” (1)

The Exalted says: “And Allah is All-Seeing of His servants.”

Regarding His words, “Those who say”: if you wish, you may construe “those” in the genitive, referring back to His words, “for those who are mindful of Allah”; or, if you wish, you may construe it in the nominative as the subject. It may also be in the accusative, with the sense: “I mean those who say, ‘Our Lord, we have believed’”—that is, we have affirmed the truth—“so forgive us our sins”: conceal them from others and pardon us for them; “and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.”

Regarding His words, “those who are patient and truthful”: if you wish, you may construe them in the accusative as praise, or in the genitive as an adjectival description. That is, those who patiently fulfil what is commanded, refrain from what is forbidden, and endure hardship, adversity, and the time of battle; and those who are truthful in their faith. Qatada said: “They are people whose intentions are sincere and whose hearts and tongues are upright; thus, they are truthful both in private and in public.” “Those who are devoutly obedient”: those who obey Allah and pray. “Those who spend”: those who spend their wealth in obedience to Allah. “Those who seek forgiveness before dawn”: Mujahid, Qatada, and al-Kalbi said that this means those who pray in the pre-dawn hours. It is reported from Zayd ibn Aslam that he said: “They are those who perform the dawn prayer in congregation.” It has also been said that this is at the pre-dawn time, because of its proximity to

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Tawhid, chapter: “The Lord’s speaking to the inhabitants of Paradise,” 3:487; and by Muslim in the Book of Paradise, chapter: “Allah’s bestowal of His pleasure upon the inhabitants of Paradise, such that He will never be angry with them,” no. 2829, 4:2176.

﴿الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا آمَنَّا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ (١٦) الصَّابِرِينَ وَالصَّادِقِينَ وَالْقَانِتِينَ وَالْمُنْفِقِينَ وَالْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ (١٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿قُلْ أَؤُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْ ذَلِكُمْ لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَأَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ قرأه العامة ٥٤/ب بِكَسْرِ الرَّاءِ، وَرَوَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ بِضَمِّ الرَّاءِ، وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ كَالْعُدْوَانِ وَالْعِدْوَانِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ "إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ يَقُولُ لِأَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ: يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَبَّيْكَ رَبَّنَا وَسَعْدَيْكَ وَالْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ فِي يَدَيْكَ، فَيَقُولُ: هَلْ رَضِيتُمْ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ وَمَا لَنَا لَا نَرْضَى يَا رَبُّ وَقَدْ أَعْطَيْتَنَا مَا لَمْ تُعْطِ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَلَا أُعْطِيكُمْ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: يَا رَبُّ وَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَحِلُّ عَلَيْكُمْ رِضْوَانِي فَلَا أَسْخَطُ عَلَيْكُمْ بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا" (١) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ﴾ ﴿الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ﴾ إِنْ شِئْتَ جَعَلْتَ مَحَلَّ الَّذِينَ خَفْضًا رَدًّا عَلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا﴾ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ جَعَلْتَهُ رَفْعًا عَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَصْبًا تَقْدِيرُهُ أَعْنِي الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ ﴿رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا آمَنَّا﴾ صَدَّقْنَا ﴿فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا﴾ اسْتُرْهَا عَلَيْنَا وَتَجَاوَزْ عَنَّا ﴿وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ﴾ ﴿الصَّابِرِينَ وَالصَّادِقِينَ﴾ إِنْ شِئْتَ نَصَبْتَهَا عَلَى الْمَدْحِ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ خَفَضْتَهَا عَلَى النَّعْتِ، يَعْنِي الصَّابِرِينَ فِي أَدَاءِ الْأَمْرِ وَعَنِ ارْتِكَابِ النَّهْيِ، وَعَلَى الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ، وَالصَّادِقِينَ فِي إِيمَانِهِمْ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هُمْ قَوْمٌ صَدَقَتْ نِيَّاتُهُمْ وَاسْتَقَامَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتُهُمْ فَصَدَقُوا فِي السِّرِّ وَالْعَلَانِيَةِ ﴿وَالْقَانِتِينَ﴾ الْمُطِيعِينَ الْمُصَلِّينَ ﴿وَالْمُنْفِقِينَ﴾ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ ﴿وَالْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: يَعْنِي الْمُصَلِّينَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُصَلُّونَ الصُّبْحَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ، وَقِيلَ بِالسَّحَرِ لِقُرْبِهِ مِنَ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد. باب: كلام الرب مع أهل الجنة: ٣ / ٤٨٧ ومسلم في الجنة. باب: إحلال الرضوان على أهل الجنة فلا يسخط عليهم أبدا برقم (٢٨٢٩) ٤ / ٢١٧٦.