Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/11)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and his companions. Evidence for this is His saying, exalted is He: “Yet those of them firmly grounded in knowledge” (4:162)—that is, those who study the knowledge of the Torah. (1)

Malik ibn Anas, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about those firmly grounded in knowledge. He said: “It is the scholar who acts upon what he knows and follows it.” It has also been said: One firmly grounded in knowledge is a person in whose knowledge four qualities are found: God-consciousness in his relationship with Allah, humility in his relationship with people, abstinence from worldly life, and striving against his own self.

Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, and al-Suddi said: By their saying, “We believe in it,” Allah called them firmly grounded in knowledge. Thus, their firm grounding in knowledge lies in their saying, “We believe in it”—that is, in the ambiguous verses: “All of it is from our Lord”: the clear and the ambiguous, the abrogating and the abrogated, what we know and what we do not know. “But none take heed”—that is, none are admonished by what is in the Quran—“except people of sound understanding.”

“Our Lord, do not let our hearts deviate after You have guided us, and grant us mercy from Yourself. Indeed, You are the Bestower.” (3:8)

Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “Our Lord, do not let our hearts deviate”: that is, those firmly grounded in knowledge say, “Our Lord, do not let our hearts deviate”—do not turn them away from the truth and guidance, just as You have caused the hearts of those whose hearts contain deviation to deviate. “After You have guided us”: after You have granted us success in adhering to Your religion and believing in the clear and ambiguous verses of Your Book. “And grant us from Yourself”: give us from Your presence “mercy”—namely, enabling grace and steadfastness upon the faith and guidance to which we hold. Al-Dahhak said: It means pardon and forgiveness. “Indeed, You are the Bestower.”

Abu al-Faraj al-Muzaffar ibn Isma'il al-Tamimi informed us; Abu al-Qasim Hamzah ibn Yusuf al-Sahmi informed us; Abu Ahmad ibn Adi, the hadith master, informed us; Abu Bakr ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Qasim al-Qurashi—known in Damascus as Ibn al-Rawwas al-Kabir—informed us; Abu Mushir Abd al-Ala ibn Mushir al-Ghassani informed us; Sadaqah informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn Jabir related to me; Bishr ibn Ubayd Allah related to me, saying: I heard Abu Idris al-Khawlani say: Al-Nawwas ibn Sam'an al-Kilabi related to me that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There is no heart except that it is between two of the fingers of the Most Merciful. If He wills to set it aright, He sets it aright; and if He wills to cause it to deviate, He causes it to deviate.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, would say: “O Allah, Turner of hearts, keep our hearts firm upon Your religion. The Scale is in the hand of the Most Merciful: He raises some people and lowers others until the Day of Resurrection.” (2)

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri related to us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi informed us; Abd al-Rahim ibn Munib informed us; Yazid ibn Harun informed us; Sa'id ibn Iyas al-Jurayri informed us from Ghunaym ibn Qays, from Abu Musa al-Ashari, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The likeness of the heart is that of a feather in a barren land, tossed about…”

(1) In manuscript “B”: “al-darisin” (those who study). (2) Reported by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, on the authority of al-Nawwas, 4:182; and by Ibn Majah in al-Muqaddimah, chapter “Concerning What the Jahmiyyah Deny,” 1:72. Al-Zawa'id states: “Its chain of transmission is sound.” Also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:166.

وَأَصْحَابِهِ دَلِيلُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى " لَكِنِ الرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ " (١٦٢ -النِّسَاءِ) يَعْنِي (الْمُدَارِسِينَ) (١) عِلْمَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَسُئِلَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ﵁ عَنِ الرَّاسِخِينَ فِي الْعِلْمِ قَالَ: الْعَالِمُ الْعَامِلُ بِمَا عَلِمَ الْمُتَّبِعُ لَهُ وَقِيلَ: الرَّاسِخُ فِي الْعِلْمِ مَنْ وُجِدَ فِي عِلْمِهِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْيَاءَ: التَّقْوَى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ، وَالتَّوَاضُعُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْخَلْقِ، وَالزُّهْدُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الدُّنْيَا، وَالْمُجَاهَدَةُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ نَفْسِهِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: بِقَوْلِهِمْ آمَنَّا بِهِ سَمَّاهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى رَاسِخِينَ فِي الْعِلْمِ، فَرُسُوخُهُمْ فِي الْعِلْمِ قَوْلُهُمْ: آمَنَّا بِهِ، أَيْ بِالْمُتَشَابِهِ ﴿كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَبِّنَا﴾ الْمُحْكَمُ وَالْمُتَشَابِهُ وَالنَّاسِخُ وَالْمَنْسُوخُ وَمَا عَلِمْنَا وَمَا لَمْ نَعْلَمْ ﴿وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ﴾ وَمَا يَتَّعِظُ بِمَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ ﴿إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ﴾ ذَوُو الْعُقُولِ. ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ (٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا﴾ أَيْ وَيَقُولُ الرَّاسِخُونَ: رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا أَيْ لَا تُمِلْهَا عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَالْهُدَى كَمَا أَزَغْتَ قُلُوبَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ ﴿بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا﴾ وَفَّقْتَنَا لِدِينِكَ وَالْإِيمَانِ بِالْمُحْكَمِ وَالْمُتَشَابِهِ مِنْ كِتَابِكَ ﴿وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ﴾ أَعْطِنَا مِنْ عِنْدِكَ ﴿رَحْمَةً﴾ تَوْفِيقًا وَتَثْبِيتًا لِلَّذِي نَحْنُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْهُدَى، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: تَجَاوُزًا وَمَغْفِرَةً ﴿إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَرَجِ الْمُظَفَّرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ التَّمِيمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السَّهْمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْقُرَشِيُّ يُعْرَفُ بِابْنِ الرَّوَّاسِ الْكَبِيرِ بِدِمَشْقَ، أَنَا أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ الْغَسَّانِيُّ، أَنَا صَدَقَةُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي بِشْرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِدْرِيسَ الْخَوْلَانِيَّ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنِي النَّوَّاسُ بْنُ سَمْعَانَ الْكِلَابِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا مِنْ قَلْبٍ إِلَّا وَهُوَ بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيْنِ مِنْ أَصَابِعِ الرَّحْمَنِ، إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يُقِيمَهُ أَقَامَهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُزِيغَهُ أَزَاغَهُ" وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ "اللَّهُمَّ يَا مُقَلِّبَ الْقُلُوبِ ثَبِّتْ قُلُوبَنَا عَلَى دِينِكَ، وَالْمِيزَانُ بِيَدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَرْفَعُ قَوْمًا وَيَضَعُ آخَرِينَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ إِيَاسٍ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ عَنْ غُنَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَثَلُ الْقَلْبِ كَرِيشَةٍ بِأَرْضِ فَلَاةٍ تُقَلِّبُهَا

(١) في "ب" الدارسين. (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند عن النواس: ٤ / ١٨٢ وابن ماجه في المقدمة - باب فيما أنكرت الجهمية: ١ / ٧٢ وقال في الزوائد: إسناد صحيح والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٦٦.