Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/354)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“The Messenger has believed in what was sent down to him from his Lord, as have the believers. Each has believed in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers. ‘We make no distinction between any of His messengers.’ And they say, ‘We hear and obey. We seek Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the final return.’” (285)

“Allah does not burden any soul beyond its capacity. It shall have what it has earned, and it shall bear what it has acquired. ‘Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or err. Our Lord, do not lay upon us a burden as You laid upon those before us. Our Lord, do not burden us with what we cannot bear. Pardon us, forgive us, and have mercy upon us. You are our Protector, so grant us victory over the disbelieving people.’” (286)

The majority held that the verse is general, but they differed concerning it. Some said: It has been abrogated by the verse that follows it. (1)

The proof of this is what Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Qāhir informed us: ʿAbd al-Ghāfir ibn Muḥammad informed us; Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Julūdī informed us; Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Sufyān related to us; Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj informed me; Muḥammad ibn al-Minhāl al-Ḍarīr and Umayyah ibn Bisṭām al-ʿĀyishī—the wording being that of the latter—said: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ informed us; Rawḥ, who was the son of al-Qāsim, informed us, from al-ʿAlāʾ, from his father, from Abū Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

When Allah revealed to His Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, “To Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth; whether you disclose what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will call you to account for it,” the verse, this weighed heavily upon the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. They came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and fell upon their knees. They said, “O Messenger of Allah, we have been charged with deeds that we are able to bear: prayer, fasting, jihad, and charity. But this verse has now been sent down to you, and we are unable to bear it.”

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Do you wish to say as the people of the two Scriptures before you said: ‘We hear and disobey’? Rather, say: ‘We hear and obey. We seek Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the final return.’”

When the people recited it and their tongues submitted to it, Allah then revealed: “The Messenger has believed in what was sent down to him from his Lord, as have the believers. Each has believed in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers. ‘We make no distinction between any of His messengers.’ And they say, ‘We hear and obey. We seek Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the final return.’”

When they did so, Allah Most High abrogated it with: “Allah does not burden any soul beyond its capacity. It shall have what it has earned, and it shall bear what it has acquired. ‘Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or err.’” He said, “Yes.” “Our Lord, do not lay upon us a burden as You laid upon those before us.” He said, “Yes.” “Our Lord, do not burden us with what we cannot bear.” He said, “Yes.” “Pardon us, forgive us, and have mercy upon us. You are our Protector, so grant us victory over the disbelieving people.” He said, “Yes.” (2)

Saʿīd ibn Jubayr related from Ibn ʿAbbās, may Allah be pleased with them both, a report with the same meaning. (3) He said in all these instances, “I have done so,” instead of

(1) See al-Nasikh wa al-Mansukh by Abu al-Qasim ibn Salamah, pp. 27-28. (2) Reported by Muslim in The Book of Faith, chapter: “Clarification That Allah, exalted is He, Has Imposed Only What Can Be Borne,” no. 199, 1:115. (3) See Sahih Muslim, The Book of Faith, chapter: “Clarification That Allah, exalted is He, Has Imposed Only What Can Be Borne,” no. 200, 1:116.

﴿آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ (٢٨٥) لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا أَنْتَ مَوْلَانَا فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ (٢٨٦) ﴾ وَذَهَبَ الْأَكْثَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْآيَةَ عَامَّةٌ ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهَا فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِالْآيَةِ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا (١) . وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، أَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ الضَّرِيرُ وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ بِسِطَامٍ الْعَيْشِيُّ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ قَالَا أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ أَنَا رَوْحٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ الْقَاسِمِ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ "لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ" الْآيَةَ قَالَ: اشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَتَوْا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ بَرَكُوا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ فَقَالُوا: أَيْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلِّفْنَا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ مَا نُطِيقُ: الصَّلَاةُ وَالصِّيَامُ وَالْجِهَادُ وَالصَّدَقَةُ، وَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَلَا نُطِيقُهَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَقُولُوا كَمَا قَالَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ: سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا، بَلْ قُولُوا ﴿سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَهَا الْقَوْمُ وَذَلَّتْ بِهَا أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي أَثَرِهَا ﴿آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ فَلَمَّا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ نَسَخَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا﴾ قَالَ نَعَمْ ﴿رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا﴾ قَالَ نَعَمْ ﴿رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ﴾ قَالَ نَعَمْ ﴿وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا أَنْتَ مَوْلَانَا فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ قَالَ نَعَمْ (٢) . وَرَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ بِمَعْنَاهُ (٣) ،، وَقَالَ فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ، بَدَلَ

(١) انظر: الناسخ والمنسوخ لأبي القاسم بن سلامة ص٢٧-٢٨. (٢) رواه مسلم في الإيمان، باب بيان أنه ﷾ لم يكلف إلا ما يطاق، برقم (١٩٩) ١ / ١١٥. (٣) انظر صحيح مسلم، كتاب الإيمان، باب بيان أنه ﷾ لم يكلف إلا ما يطاق برقم (٢٠٠) ١\ ١١٦.