Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/347)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Mus‘ab informed us, from Malik, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-A‘raj, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The delay of a wealthy person is injustice; and if one of you is referred to a solvent person, let him accept the referral.” (1)

‘Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-‘Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi‘ informed us; al-Shafi‘i informed us; Ibrahim ibn Sa‘id ibn Ibrahim informed us from his father, from ‘Umar ibn Abi Salamah, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The soul of the believer remains suspended because of his debt until it is paid on his behalf.” (2)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus‘ab informed us from Malik, from Yahya ibn Sa‘id, from Sa‘id ibn Abi Sa‘id al-Maqburi, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Abi Qatadah al-Ansari, from his father, who said: A man came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “Messenger of Allah, tell me: if I am killed in Allah’s cause, patient and seeking His reward, advancing and not retreating, will Allah erase my sins?” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, replied, “Yes.” When the man turned away, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, called him back—or ordered that he be called back—and said, “What did you say?” The man repeated what he had said, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Yes, except for debt. Thus Gabriel told me.” (3)

Allah Most High says: “And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah.” The reciters of Basra read the initial letter with fatḥah, meaning: you will return to Allah. The others read the initial letter with ḍammah and the jīm with fatḥah, meaning: you will be returned to Allah Most High. “Then every soul will be repaid in full for what it has earned, and they will not be wronged.”

Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: This was the last verse revealed to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Gabriel, peace be upon him, said to him, “Place it as the two hundred and eightieth verse of Surah al-Baqarah.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, lived for twenty-one days thereafter. Ibn Jurayj said: nine nights; and Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: seven nights. He died on a Monday, after two nights of the month of Rabi‘ al-Awwal had passed, when the sun had declined from its zenith, in the year 11 AH. Al-Sha‘bi reported from Ibn ‘Abbas:

(1) Al-Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Debt Transfer, chapter: “Debt Transfer and Whether One May Seek Recourse after a Transfer,” 4:464; and Muslim in the Book of Sharecropping, chapter: “The Prohibition of a Wealthy Person’s Delay in Payment and the Validity of Debt Transfer,” no. 1564, 3:1197. The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:210. (2) Al-Shafii narrated it, 2:226; al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Funerals, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding the Believer’s Soul Being Held by His Debt until It Is Repaid,” 4:193, and said: “This is a sound hadith.” Ibn Majah narrated it in the Book of Charity, chapter: “The Stern Warning Concerning Debt,” 2:806; Ahmad, 2:440, 475, 508, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah; and al-Darimi in the Book of Sales, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding the Stern Warning Concerning Debt,” 2:262. Al-Shawkani said: “The transmitters in its chain are trustworthy, except Umar ibn Abi Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman, who is reliable but makes mistakes.” Nayl al-Awtar, 5:14. The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:202, and said: “This is a sound hadith.” (3) Muslim narrated it in the Book of Leadership, chapter: “One Killed in the Path of Allah Has His Sins Expiated Except for Debt,” no. 1885, 3:1501. The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:200.

مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵄ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ وَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فليتبع" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا ٥٠/ب عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "نَفْسُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ قُتِلْتُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا، مُقْبِلًا غَيْرَ مُدْبِرٍ، يُكَفِّرُ اللَّهُ عَنِّي خَطَايَايَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "نَعَمْ" فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ نَادَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَنُودِيَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كَيْفَ قُلْتَ؟ " فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "نَعَمْ إِلَّا الدَّيْنَ" كَذَلِكَ قَالَ جِبْرِيلُ" (٣) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ بِفَتْحِ التَّاءِ أَيْ تَصِيرُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ التَّاءِ وَفَتْحِ الْجِيمِ، أَيْ: تُرَدُّونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: هَذِهِ آخِرُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ ضَعْهَا عَلَى رَأْسِ مِائَتَيْنِ وَثَمَانِينَ آيَةً مِنْ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ وَعَاشَ بَعْدَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاحِدًا وَعِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا، وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: تِسْعَ لَيَالٍ، وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ، وَمَاتَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ خَلَتَا مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ حِينَ زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الحوالات. باب الحوالة وهل يرجع في الحوالة ٤ / ٤٦٤ ومسلم في المساقاة. باب تحريم مطل الغني وصحة الحوالة برقم (١٥٦٤) ٣ / ١١٩٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة ٨ / ٢١٠. (٢) أخرجه الشافعي ٢ / ٢٢٦ والترمذي: في الجنائز - باب: ما جاء أن نفس المؤمن معلقة بدينه حتى يقضى عنه ٤ / ١٩٣ وقال هذا حديث حسن. وابن ماجه في الصدقات - باب: التشديد في الدين ٢ / ٨٠٦. وأحمد ٢ / ٤٤٠، ٤٧٥، ٥٠٨ عن أبي هريرة. والدارمي: في البيوع ٥٢ باب: ما جاء في التشديد في الدين ٢ / ٢٦٢. وقال الشوكاني: رجال إسناده ثقات إلا عمر بن أبي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، وهو صدوق يخطئ: نيل الأوطار ٥ / ١٤. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ٢٠٢ وقال هذا حديث حسن. (٣) أخرجه مسلم: في الإمارة - باب: من قتل في سبيل الله كفرت خطاياه إلا الدين برقم (١٨٨٥) ٣ / ١٥٠١. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ٢٠٠.