Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/346)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

ibn Abi Kathir, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Abi Qatadah, from his father, who was seeking to recover a debt from a man. The man hid from him, so he asked, “What made you do that?” He replied, “Hardship.” He made him swear to this, and he swore. Then he called for his debt document and gave it to him, saying, “I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: ‘Whoever grants respite to one in hardship, or remits his debt, Allah will save him from the distress of the Day of Resurrection.’” (1)

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Sam‘an informed us; Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Musa informed us; Isra’il informed us from Mansur, from Rib‘i, from Abu Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The angels received the soul of a man who lived before you and asked him, ‘Did you ever do any good?’ He said, ‘No.’ They said, ‘Recall it.’ He said, ‘No—except that I was a man who gave credit to people, and I used to instruct my servants to grant respite to the solvent debtor and to pardon the insolvent one.’ Allah Most High said, ‘Pardon him.’” (2)

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur al-Sam‘ani informed us; Abu Ja‘far al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah informed us; Za’idah informed us from ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Umayr, from Rib‘i, from Abu al-Yusr, who said: I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, say, “Whoever grants respite to one in hardship, or remits his debt, Allah will shade him beneath His shade on the Day when there will be no shade but His shade.” (3)

Section on debt, repaying it well, and the gravity of its matter

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Abu al-Walid informed us; Shu‘bah informed us; Salamah ibn Kuhayl informed us, who said: I heard Abu Salamah at Mina relating from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that a man demanded repayment from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and spoke harshly to him. His Companions moved against him, but he said, “Leave him, for the one who has a right is entitled to speak. Buy him a camel and give it to him.” They said, “We can find only one better than the camel due to him.” He said, “Buy it and give it to him, for the best of you are those who repay most excellently.” (4)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu

(1) Muslim narrated it in the Book of Sharecropping, chapter: “The Merit of Granting Respite to a Debtor in Hardship,” no. 1563, 3:1196. The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:196, with the same wording. (2) Al-Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Sales, chapter: “Whoever Grants Respite to a Debtor in Hardship,” 4:307; and Muslim in the Book of Sharecropping, chapter: “The Merit of Granting Respite to a Debtor in Hardship,” on the authority of Hudhayfah, no. 1560, 3:1194. The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:197. (3) Muslim narrated it at length in the Book of Asceticism, chapter: “The Long Hadith of Jabir and the Story of Abu al-Yusr,” no. 3006, 4:2301-2302. The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:198. (4) Al-Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Agency, chapter: “Agency in the Repayment of Debts,” 4:483, and in the Book of Borrowing and Gifts. Muslim narrated it in the Book of Sharecropping, chapter: “One Who Borrows Something and Repays Better Than It” (“The best of you are those who repay best”), no. 1601, 3:1229. The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:194.

ابْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَطْلُبُ رَجُلًا بِحَقٍّ فَاخْتَبَأَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ: مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ: الْعُسْرَةُ، فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَحَلَفَ فَدَعَا بِصَكِّهِ فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ وَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ وَضَعَ عَنْهُ أَنْجَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ كَرْبِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَمْعَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الرَّيَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ ﵄ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ "إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَتَلَقَّتْ رُوحَ رَجُلٍ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ فَقَالُوا هَلْ عَمِلْتَ خَيْرًا قَطُّ؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالُوا: تَذْكُرُ، قَالَ: لَا إِلَّا أَنِّي رَجُلٌ كُنْتُ أُدَايِنُ النَّاسَ فَكُنْتُ آمُرُ فِتْيَانِي أَنْ يُنْظِرُوا الْمُوسِرَ وَيَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنِ الْمُعْسِرِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﵎ "تَجَاوَزُوا عَنْهُ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَائِدَةُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي الْيُسْرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ "مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ وَضَعَ عَنْهُ أَظَلَّهُ اللَّهُ فِي ظِلِّهِ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ" (٣) . فصل في الدين وحسن قضائه وتشديد أمره أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ كَهَيْلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ بِمِنًى يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَقَاضَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ فَهَمَّ بِهِ أَصْحَابُهُ فَقَالَ: دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالًا وَاشْتَرُوا لَهُ بَعِيرًا فَأَعْطُوهُ إِيَّاهُ، قَالُوا: لَا نَجِدُ إِلَّا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ قَالَ: "اشْتَرُوهُ فَأَعْطُوهُ إِيَّاهُ فَإِنَّ خِيَارَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو

(١) رواه مسلم: في المساقاة - باب: فضل إنظار المعسر برقم (١٥٦٣) ٣ / ١١٩٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ١٩٦ باللفظ نفسه. (٢) رواه البخاري: في البيوع، باب: من أنظر معسرا ٤ / ٣٠٧. ومسلم: في المساقاة - باب: فضل إنظار المعسر عن حذيفة برقم (١٥٦٠) ٣ / ١١٩٤. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ١٩٧. (٣) أخرجه مسلم: مطولا في الزهد - باب: حديث جابر الطويل وقصة أبي اليسر برقم (٣٠٠٦) ٤ / ٢٣٠١-٢٣٠٢ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ١٩٨. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الوكالة - باب: الوكالة في قضاء الديون ٤ / ٤٨٣ وفي الاستقراض والهبة. ومسلم: في المساقاة - باب: من استسلف شيئا فقضى خيرا منه (وخيركم أحسنكم قضاء) برقم (١٦٠١) ٣ / ١٢٢٩. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ١٩٤.