Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/340)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

And al-Dahhak related from Ibn ʿAbbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that when the words, “For the poor who have been restrained in the cause of Allah,” were revealed, ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn ʿAwf sent many dinars to the Companions of the Suffah, while ʿAli ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, sent a load of dates in the depth of the night. Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, revealed concerning them both: “Those who spend their wealth by night and by day...” to the end of the verse. By spending in the daytime openly, He meant the charity of ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn ʿAwf; and by spending at night secretly, the charity of ʿAli, may Allah be pleased with him.

Abu Umamah, Abu al-Dardaʾ, Makhul, and al-Awzaʿi said: It was revealed concerning those who keep horses ready for jihad, for they are fed by night and by day, secretly and openly. (1)

ʿAbd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; ʿAli ibn Hafs informed us; Ibn al-Mubarak informed us; Talhah ibn Abi Saʿid informed us, saying: I heard Saʿid al-Maqburi relate that he heard Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, say: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever keeps a horse in the cause of Allah, out of faith in Allah and belief in His promise, its satiation, its quenching, its droppings, and its urine will be in his scale on the Day of Resurrection.” (2)

His saying, exalted is He: “Their reward is with their Lord.” Al-Akhfash said: The predicate is introduced by the particle fa because “those who” has the sense of “whoever,” and the response to “whoever” is introduced by fa in the apodosis. Or, the meaning of the verse is: Whoever spends in this manner shall have his reward with his Lord: “They shall have no fear, nor shall they grieve.”

(1) Al-Tabarani and Ibn Abi Hatim narrated, through Yazid ibn Abd Allah ibn Urayb, from his father, from his grandfather, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: “This verse was revealed concerning those who possessed horses.” Yazid and his father are unknown narrators. Abd al-Razzaq, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Tabarani also narrated, with a weak chain of transmission, from Ibn Abbas, who said: “This verse was revealed concerning Ali ibn Abi Talib: he had four dirhams ...” Ibn al-Mundhir narrated from Ibn al-Musayyib that the verse was revealed concerning Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and Uthman ibn Affan and their spending on the Army of Hardship. See al-Suyuti, Lubab al-Nuqul, p. 118, printed in the margin of Tafsir al-Jalalayn; and al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 84-85. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Jihad, chapter: Whoever Keeps a Horse in the Cause of Allah, 6:57; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:388.

وَعَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵃ قَالَ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ ﴿لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ بَعَثَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ بِدَنَانِيرَ كَثِيرَةٍ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ الصُّفَّةِ، وَبَعَثَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ بِوَسَقٍ مَنْ تَمْرٍ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمَا ﴿الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ﴾ الْآيَةَ عَنَى بِالنَّهَارِ عَلَانِيَةً: صَدَقَةَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَبِاللَّيْلِ سِرًّا: صَدَقَةَ عَلَيٍّ ﵁، وَقَالَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ وَأَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ وَمَكْحُولٌ وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الَّذِينَ يَرْتَبِطُونَ الْخَيْلَ لِلْجِهَادِ فَإِنَّهَا تُعْلَفُ لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَخْبَرَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدًا الْمَقْبُرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ يَقُولُ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَنِ احْتَبَسَ فَرَسًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِيمَانًا بِاللَّهِ وَتَصْدِيقًا بِوَعْدِهِ فَإِنَّ شِبَعَهُ وَرِيَّهُ وَرَوْثَهُ وَبَوْلَهُ فِي مِيزَانِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ" (٢) . وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ﴾ قَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: جَعَلَ الْخَبَرَ بِالْفَاءِ، لِأَنَّ "الَّذِينَ" بِمَعْنَى "مَنْ" وَجَوَابُ مَنْ بِالْفَاءِ بِالْجَزَاءِ، أَوْ مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: مَنْ أَنْفَقَ كَذَا فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ ﴿وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ﴾

(١) أخرج الطبراني وابن أبي حاتم عن يزيد بن عبد الله بن عريب عن أبيه عن جده عن النبي صلى الله عليه سلم قال: نزلت هذه الآية في أصحاب الخيل، يزيد وأبوه مجهولان. وأخرج عبد الرزاق وابن جرير وابن أبي حاتم الطبراني بسند ضعيف عن ابن عباس قال: نزلت هذه الآية في علي بن أبي طالب: كانت معه أربعة دراهم....، وأخرج ابن المنذر عن ابن المسيب قال: الآية نزلت في عبد الرحمن بن عوف وعثمان بن عفان في نفقتهما في جيش العسرة، (انظر: لباب النقول للسيوطي ص ١١٨ بهامش الجلالين، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص٨٤-٨٥. (٢) رواه البخاري في الجهاد باب من احتبس فرسا في سبيل الله ٦ / ٥٧ والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٠ / ٣٨٨.