Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/334)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and earth? Yet what is in His right Hand has not diminished.” He said: “His Throne is upon the water, and in His other Hand is the Scale, by which He raises and lowers.” (1)

ʿAbd al-Wāḥid ibn Aḥmad al-Malīḥī informed us; Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Nuʿaymī informed us; Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf informed us; Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl informed us; ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Saʿīd informed us; ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr informed us; Hishām ibn ʿUrwah informed us, from Fāṭimah bint al-Mundhir, from Asmāʾ, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to her: “Spend, and do not keep count, lest Allah count against you; and do not hoard, lest Allah withhold from you.” (2) (3)

Concerning His saying, Most High: “He grants wisdom to whom He wills”: al-Suddī said, “It is prophethood.” Ibn ʿAbbās, may Allah be pleased with him, and Qatādah said: “It is knowledge of the Quran: its abrogating and abrogated verses, its clear verses and ambiguous verses, what comes earlier and what comes later, what is lawful and what is forbidden, and its parables.” Al-Ḍaḥḥāk said: “It is the Quran and understanding it.” He also said: “In the Quran there are one hundred and nine abrogating and abrogated verses, and one thousand verses concerning what is lawful and forbidden. Believers cannot dispense with them until they learn them. Do not be like the people of Nahrwān, who interpreted verses of the Quran concerning the people of the qiblah, although they had been revealed concerning the People of the Book. ⦗48/b⦘ Being ignorant of their true import, they shed blood through them, plundered wealth, and declared us astray. So hold fast to knowledge of the Quran, for whoever knows the circumstances for which Allah sent it down will not differ regarding any part of it.”

Mujāhid said: “It is the Quran, knowledge, and jurisprudence.” Ibn Abī Najīḥ narrated from him: “It is being correct in speech and action.” Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī said: “It is knowing the meanings of things and understanding them.”

“Whoever is granted wisdom” is in the nominative, as a passive construction whose agent is not named, and “wisdom” is its predicate. (4) Yaʿqūb recited it as “whoever grants wisdom,” with the final letter pronounced with kasrah; that is, “whomever Allah grants wisdom.” This is supported by al-Aʿmash’s recitation: “whomever Allah grants.” It is related from al-Ḥasan regarding “Whoever is granted wisdom” that he said: “It is scrupulous piety in the religion of Allah.” “He has certainly been granted abundant good. Yet none take heed”—that is, take admonition—“except people of understanding,” meaning those endowed with intellect.

(1) Al-Bukhari, Tafsir of Surat Hud, chapter “His Throne was upon the water,” 8:352; and Book of Tawhid. Muslim, Book of Zakat, chapter on encouraging expenditure and giving glad tidings to the spender of recompense, no. 993, 2:690. The author, Sharh al-Sunnah, 6:154-155. (2) Al-i'a' means placing something in a container; its original sense is preservation. (3) Al-Bukhari, Book of Gifts, chapter on a married woman’s gift to someone other than her husband and her emancipation of a slave, 5:217. Muslim, Book of Zakat, chapter on encouraging expenditure and the disapproval of counting, no. 1029, 2:713. The author, Sharh al-Sunnah, 6:154. (4) See Al-Tibyan fi I'rab al-Quran by al-Ukbari, 1:220.

وَالْأَرْضَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَنْقُصْ مَا فِي يَمِينِهِ ﴿قَالَ﴾ وَعَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ وَبِيَدِهِ الْأُخْرَى الْقِسْطُ يَرْفَعُ وَيَخْفِضُ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا "أَنْفِقِي وَلَا تُحْصِي فَيُحْصِيَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكِ وَلَا تُوعِي (٢) فَيُوعِيَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكِ" (٣) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ﴾ قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: هِيَ النُّبُوَّةُ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ وَقَتَادَةُ: عِلْمُ الْقُرْآنِ نَاسِخُهُ وَمَنْسُوخُهُ وَمُحْكَمُهُ وَمُتَشَابِهُهُ وَمُقَدَّمُهُ وَمُؤَخَّرُهُ وَحَلَالُهُ وَحَرَامُهُ وَأَمْثَالُهُ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: الْقُرْآنُ وَالْفَهْمُ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ: فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِائَةٌ وَتِسْعُ آيَاتٍ نَاسِخَةٌ وَمَنْسُوخَةٌ وَأَلْفُ آيَةِ حَلَالٍ وَحَرَامٍ، لَا يَسَعُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ تَرْكُهُنَّ حَتَّى يَتَعَلَّمُوهُنَّ، وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَأَهْلِ نَهْرَوَانَ تَأَوَّلُوا آيَاتٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَإِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ الكتاب جهلوأ ٤٨/ب عِلْمَهَا فَسَفَكُوا بِهَا الدِّمَاءَ وَانْتَهَبُوا الْأَمْوَالَ وَشَهِدُوا عَلَيْنَا بِالضَّلَالَةِ، فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِعِلْمِ الْقُرْآنِ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ عَلِمَ فِيمَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ الْقُرْآنُ وَالْعِلْمُ وَالْفِقْهُ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْهُ: الْإِصَابَةُ فِي الْقَوْلِ وَالْفِعْلِ، وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ: مَعْرِفَةُ مَعَانِي الْأَشْيَاءِ وَفَهْمُهَا. ﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ﴾ فِي مَحَلِّ الرَّفْعِ عَلَى مَا لَمْ يُسَمَّ فَاعِلُهُ، وَالْحِكْمَةُ خَبَرُهُ (٤) ، وَقَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ -يُؤْتِ الْحِكْمَةَ -بِكَسْرِ التَّاءِ أَيْ مَنْ يُؤْتِهِ اللَّهُ الْحِكْمَةَ، دَلِيلُ قِرَاءَةِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَمَنْ يُؤْتِهِ اللَّهُ، حُكِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ﴾ قَالَ: الْوَرَعُ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ ﴿فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ﴾ يَتَّعِظُ ﴿إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ﴾ ذَوُو الْعُقُولِ.

(١) رواه البخاري: في تفسير سورة هود - باب: وكان عرشه على الماء - ٨ / ٣٥٢ وفي التوحيد. ومسلم: في الزكاة - باب الحث على النفقة وتبشير المنفق بالخلف برقم (٩٩٣) ٢ / ٦٩٠. والمصنف: في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٥٤-١٥٥. (٢) الإيعاء جعل الشيء في الوعاء، وأصله الحفظ. (٣) رواه البخاري: في الهبة - باب: هبة المرأة لغير زوجها وعتقها إذا كان لها زوج ٥ / ٢١٧. ومسلم: في الزكاة: باب: الحث في الإنفاق وكراهية الإحصاء برقم (١٠٢٩) ٢ / ٧١٣. والمصنف: في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٥٤. (٤) انظر: التبيان في إعراب القرآن للعكبري: ١ / ٢٢٠.