Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/325)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

produces seven ears, each ear containing a hundred grains. If it is asked, “We have not seen an ear containing a hundred grains, so how can He set forth a parable with it?” the answer is: This is conceivable and not impossible; and whatever is not impossible may be used in a parable, even if it has not occurred. Its meaning is that, in every ear, there are a hundred grains; thus, what emerged from the seed it contained was multiplied in relation to it. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk understood it likewise, saying: Every ear produced a hundred grains.

“Allah multiplies for whomever He wills.” It was said that this means: He multiplies this multiplication for whomever He wills. It was also said that it means: He multiplies beyond this and increases for whomever He wills—from seven to seventy, to seven hundred, and to whatever further multiples Allah wills, which none knows except Allah. “Allah is All-Encompassing”—that is, rich, giving out of abundance—“All-Knowing,” of the intention of the one who spends his wealth.

“Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah, then do not follow what they have spent with reminders of their generosity or hurt—they shall have their reward with their Lord, and no fear shall come upon them, nor shall they grieve. (262) A kind word and forgiveness are better than charity followed by hurt. And Allah is Self-Sufficient, Most Forbearing. (263) O you who believe, do not invalidate your charities by reminders of generosity and hurt, like one who spends his wealth to be seen by people and does not believe in Allah or the Last Day. His likeness is that of a smooth rock covered with dust; then a heavy downpour strikes it, leaving it bare. They gain nothing from what they have earned. And Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.” (264)

His saying, exalted is He: “Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah.” Al-Kalbī said: This verse was revealed concerning ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān and ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ‘Awf, may Allah be pleased with them both. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān brought four thousand dirhams as charity to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “O Messenger of Allah, I had eight thousand dirhams. I retained four thousand dirhams for myself and my dependants, and I lent four thousand to my Lord.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, “May Allah bless for you what you retained and what you gave.”

As for ‘Uthmān, he equipped the Muslim army in the expedition of Tabūk with one thousand camels, with their saddles (1) and saddlecloths (2), and this verse was revealed concerning them both.

‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Samurah said: ‘Uthmān, may Allah be pleased with him, brought one thousand dinars for the Army of Hardship and poured them into the lap of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. I saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, putting his hand among them and turning them over, saying, “Nothing Ibn ‘Affān does after this day will harm him.” (3) Then Allah Most High revealed: “Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah”—that is, in obedience to Allah—“then do not follow what they have spent with reminders of their generosity—”

(1) Aqtab is the plural of qatab: a camel saddle fitted over the hump for riding or carrying loads. (2) Ahlas is the plural of hils: a blanket placed on a camel’s back beneath its saddle. (3) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in al-Manaqib, chapter 76-10/193. He said: “This is a sound (hasan), uncommon (gharib) hadith through this route.” It was also reported by Ahmad in his Musnad, 5:63, on the authority of Abd al-Rahman ibn Samurah; its chain of transmission is sound (hasan).

أَخْرَجَتْ ﴿سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ﴾ جَمْعُ سُنْبُلَةٍ ﴿فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ﴾ فَإِنْ قِيلَ فَمَا رَأَيْنَا سُنْبُلَةً فِيهَا مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ فَكَيْفَ ضَرَبَ الْمَثَلَ بِهِ؟ قِيلَ: ذَلِكَ مُتَصَوَّرٌ، غَيْرُ مُسْتَحِيلٍ، وَمَا لَا يَكُونُ مُسْتَحِيلًا جَازَ ضَرْبُ الْمَثَلِ بِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ، مَعْنَاهُ: ﴿فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ﴾ فَمَا حَدَثَ مِنَ الْبَذْرِ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهَا كَانَ مُضَاعَفًا إِلَيْهَا وَكَذَلِكَ تَأَوَّلَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ فَقَالَ: كُلُّ سُنْبُلَةٍ أَنْبَتَتْ مِائَةَ حَبَّةٍ ﴿وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ﴾ قِيلَ مَعْنَاهُ يُضَاعِفُ هَذِهِ الْمُضَاعَفَةَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ يُضَاعِفُ عَلَى هَذَا وَيَزِيدُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ مَا بَيْنَ سَبْعٍ إِلَى سَبْعِينَ إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةٍ إِلَى مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْأَضْعَافِ مِمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ﴿وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ﴾ غَنِيٌّ يُعْطِي عَنْ سَعَةٍ ﴿عَلِيمٌ﴾ بِنِيَّةِ مَنْ يُنْفِقُ مَالَهُ. ﴿الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مَنًّا وَلَا أَذًى لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (٢٦٢) قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيمٌ (٢٦٣) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى كَالَّذِي يُنْفِقُ مَالَهُ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَمَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ صَفْوَانٍ عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ فَأَصَابَهُ وَابِلٌ فَتَرَكَهُ صَلْدًا لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ (٢٦٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا، جَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ صَدَقَةً إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَانَتْ عِنْدِي ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ فَأَمْسَكْتُ مِنْهَا لِنَفْسِي وَعِيَالِي أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَقْرَضْتُهَا رَبِّي، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِيمَا أَمْسَكْتَ لَكَ وَفِيمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَأَمَّا عُثْمَانُ فَجَهَّزَ جَيْشَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ بِأَلْفِ بَعِيرٍ بِأَقْتَابِهَا (١) وَأَحْلَاسِهَا (٢) فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِمَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَمُرَةَ: جَاءَ عُثْمَانُ ﵁ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ فِي جَيْشِ الْعُسْرَةِ فَصَبَّهَا فِي حِجْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُدْخِلُ فِيهَا يَدَهُ وَيُقَلِّبُهَا وَيَقُولُ "مَا ضَرَّ ابْنَ عَفَّانَ مَا عَمِلَ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ" (٣) فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ﴿الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ ﴿ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مَنًّا﴾

(١) جمع قتب وهو الإكاف على قدر سنام البعير ليركب أو يحمل عليه. (٢) جمع حلس وهو كساء يجعل على ظهر البعير تحت رحله. (٣) رواه الترمذي: في المناقب - باب: ٧٦-١٠ / ١٩٣ وقال: حديث حسن غريب من هذا الوجه. وأحمد: في مسنده: ٥ / ٦٣ عن عبد الرحمن بن سمرة، وإسناده حسن.