Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/582)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ibn Kathir recited “Abi Lahbin,” with the h unvocalized, as in the two forms nahr and nahar (“river”). They agreed, however, on pronouncing “dhati lahabin” (“of blazing flame”) with the h vocalized, so that it accords with the rhyme of the verse-endings.

“And Abu Lahab has perished.” Ibn Mas‘ud recited: “And he has indeed perished.” (1) Al-Farra’ said: The first is a supplication, while the second is a statement of fact—just as one says, “May Allah destroy him,” and He has indeed done so. (2)

“His wealth did not avail him, nor what he earned. (2) He will burn in a Fire of blazing flame, (3) and his wife—the carrier of firewood. (4)”

Regarding His saying, “His wealth did not avail him, nor what he earned”: Ibn Mas‘ud said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called his relatives to Allah, Abu Lahab said, “If what my nephew says is true, I shall ransom myself with my wealth and children.” (3) Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, revealed:

“His wealth did not avail him,” meaning, it will not avail him. It was also said that it means: What can his wealth avail him? That is, the wealth he amassed will not ward off Allah’s punishment from him. He owned livestock. “Nor what he earned”: it was said that this means his children, because a person’s child is among his earnings, as stated in the hadith: “The finest food any of you eats is that which he has earned, and his child is among his earnings.” (4)

Allah then threatened him with the Fire, saying: “He will burn in a Fire of blazing flame,” meaning, a fire that will blaze fiercely over him. “And his wife”: Umm Jamil, daughter of Harb ibn Umayyah and sister of Abu Sufyan; “the carrier of firewood.” Ibn Zayd and al-Dahhak said: She used to carry thorns and thornbushes and scatter them in the path of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his Companions, in order to wound them. This was also narrated by ‘Atiyyah from Ibn ‘Abbas.

Qatadah, Mujahid, and al-Suddi said: She used to go about spreading malicious gossip and relaying reports, thereby stirring up enmity among people,

(1) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:525. (2) See al-Farra', Ma'ani al-Quran, 3:298. (3) Mentioned by the author of al-Bahr al-Muhit, 8:525. (4) A sound hadith, narrated through several chains with closely similar wording. It was recorded by Abu Dawud in al-Ijarat (under al-Buyu'), chapter: “A man consuming from his son’s wealth,” 5:182; al-Tirmidhi in al-Ahkam, chapter: “What has been narrated concerning a father taking from his son’s wealth,” 4:592, who said: “This is a sound hadith”; al-Nasa'i in al-Buyu', chapter: “Encouragement to earn,” 7:241; Ibn Majah in al-Tijarat, chapter: “What a man may take from his son’s wealth,” no. 2290, 2:768-769; and al-Darimi in al-Buyu', chapter: “Earning,” 2:247. Ibn Hibban authenticated it in Mawarid al-Zam'an, p. 268. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 6:31, and elsewhere; by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 9:133; by Ibn Abi Shaybah, 7:157; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:329.

وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ "أَبِي لَهْبٍ" سَاكِنَةَ الْهَاءِ، وَهِيَ مِثْلُ: نَهْرٍ وَنَهَرٍ. وَاتَّفَقُوا فِي "ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ" أَنَّهَا مَفْتُوحَةُ الْهَاءِ لِوِفَاقِ الْفَوَاصِلِ. ﴿وَتَبَّ﴾ أَبُو لَهَبٍ، وَقَرَأَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: وَقَدْ تَبَّ (١) . قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: الْأَوَّلُ دُعَاءٌ، وَالثَّانِي خَبَرٌ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: أَهْلَكَهُ اللَّهُ، وَقَدْ فَعَلَ (٢) . ﴿مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ (٢) سَيَصْلَى نَارًا ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ (٣) وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ (٤) ﴾ ﴿مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: لَمَّا دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقْرِبَاءَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ قَالَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ: إِنْ كَانَ مَا يَقُولُ ابْنُ أَخِي حَقًا فَإِنِّي أَفْتَدِي نَفْسِي وَمَالِي وَوَلَدِي (٣) ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ﴾ أَيْ مَا يُغْنِي، وَقِيلَ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ، أَيْ: مَا يَدْفَعُ عَنْهُ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ مَا جَمَعَ مِنَ الْمَالِ، وَكَانَ صَاحِبُ مَوَاشٍ ﴿وَمَا كَسَبَ﴾ قِيلَ: يَعْنِي وَلَدَهُ، لِأَنَّ وَلَدَ الْإِنْسَانِ مِنْ كَسْبِهُ كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: "أَطْيَبُ مَا يَأْكُلُ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ" (٤) . ثُمَّ أَوْعَدَهُ بِالنَّارِ فَقَالَ: ﴿سَيَصْلَى نَارًا ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ﴾ أَيْ نَارًا تَلْتَهِبُ عَلَيْهِ. ﴿وَامْرَأَتُهُ﴾ أُمُّ جَمِيلٍ بِنْتُ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ أُخْتُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ﴿حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: كَانَتْ تَحْمِلُ الشَّوْكَ وَالْعَضَاةَ فَتَطْرَحُهُ فِي طَرِيقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَصْحَابِهُ لِتَعْقِرَهُمْ، وَهِيَ رِوَايَةُ عَطِيَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ: كَانَتْ تَمْشِي بِالنَّمِيمَةِ وَتَنْقُلُ الْحَدِيثَ فَتُلْقِي الْعَدَاوَةَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ،

(١) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٥٢٥. (٢) انظر: معاني القرآن للفراء: ٣ / ٢٩٨. (٣) ذكره صاحب البحر المحيط: ٨ / ٥٢٥. (٤) حديث صحيح روي من طرق بألفاظ متقاربة. فأخرجه أبو داود في الإجارات (من البيوع) باب في الرجل يأكل من مال ولده: ٥ / ١٨٢، والترمذي في الأحكام، باب ما جاء في أن الوالد يأخذ من مال ولده: ٤ / ٥٩٢ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن" والنسائي في البيوع، باب الحث على الكسب: ٧ / ٢٤١، وابن ماجه في التجارات، باب ما للرجل من مال ولده، برقم: (٢٢٩٠) : ٢ / ٧٦٨ - ٧٦٩، والدارمي في البيوع، باب في الكسب: ٢ / ٢٤٧، وصححه ابن حبان صفحة (٢٦٨) من موارد الظمآن. وأخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٦ / ٣١، وفي مواضع أخرى، وعبد الرزاق في المصنف ٩ / ١٣٣، وابن أبي شيبة: ٧ / ١٥٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٣٢٩.