Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/577)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ismail ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan narrated to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to us; Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to me; Abd al-Ala narrated to us; Dawud narrated to us from Amir, from Masruq, from Aishah, who said:

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would frequently say, “Glory and praise be to Allah; I seek Allah’s forgiveness and repent to Him.”

She said, “I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I see that you frequently say: “Glory and praise be to Allah; I seek Allah’s forgiveness and repent to Him.”’” (1)

He replied, “My Lord informed me that I would see a sign among my community, and when I saw it, I would frequently say, ‘Glory and praise be to Allah; I seek Allah’s forgiveness and repent to Him.’ I have now seen it: ‘When Allah’s help and victory come.’ Victory here means the conquest of Mecca: ‘And you see people entering Allah’s religion in multitudes, then glorify the praises of your Lord and seek His forgiveness. Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance.’” (2)

Ibn Abbas said: When this surah was revealed, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, knew that his own death had been announced to him. (3)

Al-Hasan said: He was informed that his appointed term had drawn near, and he was commanded to glorify Allah and repent, so that his life might conclude with an increase in righteous deeds. (4)

Qatadah and Muqatil said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, lived for two years after the revelation of this surah.

(1) The text within parentheses is omitted from manuscript “A.” (2) Reported by Muslim in Kitab al-Salah, chapter on what is said during bowing and prostration, no. 484, 1:351. (3) Reported by Imam Ahmad, 1:217; and reported at length by al-Nasai in al-Tafsir, 2:567, through Hilal ibn Khabbab, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas. Yahya ibn Ma'in said: “Trustworthy, reliable, and unchanged.” Ibn Hibban also deemed him trustworthy, though there is some weakness in him; the remaining narrators are narrators of the Sahih. It was also reported by al-Tabarani in al-Kabir, 11:328. Ibn Hajar said in al-Fath, 8:736: “Imam Ahmad reported it from Abu Razin, from Ibn Abbas, and its chain contains Ata ibn al-Saib, who became confused in his later years.” The hadith has a supporting narration reported by al-Bukhari from Ibn Abbas, in his reply to Umar concerning the verse, “When the help of Allah comes . . .”: “It was an example given for Muhammad, by which his death was announced to him.” Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Tafsir, 8:734. See also Majma al-Zawa'id, 7:144; 9:22-23. (4) See al-Tabari, 30:335.

أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ؛ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُكْثِرُ مِنْ قَوْلِ: "سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ"، [قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَاكَ تُكْثِرُ مِنْ قَوْلِ: "سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ؟ "] (١) فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي رَبِّي أَنِّي سَأَرَى عَلَامَةً فِي أُمَّتِي، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُهَا أُكْثِرُ مِنْ قَوْلِ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهَا: "إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ". فَالْفَتْحُ: فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ، "وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا" (٢) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةُ عَلِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نُعِيَتْ إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ (٣) . قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أُعْلِمَ أَنَّهُ قَدِ اقْتَرَبَ أَجْلُهُ فَأُمِرَ بِالتَّسْبِيحِ وَالتَّوْبَةِ، لِيُخْتَمَ لَهُ بِالزِّيَادَةِ فِي الْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ (٤) . قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: عَاشَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ سَنَتَيْنِ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الصلاة، باب ما يقال في الركوع والسجود برقم: (٤٨٤) : ١ / ٣٥١. (٣) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ١ / ٢١٧، وأخرجه النسائي في التفسير مطولا: ٢ / ٥٦٧ من حديث هلال بن خباب عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس. قال يحيى بن معين: ثقة مأمون لم يتغير، ووثقه ابن حبان وفيه ضعف، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح وأخرجه الطبراني في الكبير: ١١ / ٣٢٨. قال ابن حجر في الفتح: ٨ / ٧٣٦ أخرجه الإمام أحمد عن أبي رزين عن ابن عباس وفي إسناده عطاء بن السائب وقد اختلط. وللحديث شاهد أخرجه البخاري عن ابن عباس في جوابه لعمر عن قوله تعالى: (إذا جاء نصر الله. .) الآية قال: "مثل ضرب لمحمد ﷺ، نعيت له نفسه" صحيح البخاري، كتاب التفسير: ٨ / ٧٣٤. وانظر: مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٤٤، ٩ / ٢٢ - ٢٣. (٤) انظر: الطبري: ٣٠ / ٣٣٥.