Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/575)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

that Khuza'ah killed a man . . .” Muhammad ibn Isma'il said: Abd Allah ibn Raja' said: Harb narrated to us from Yahya; Abu Salamah narrated to us: “Abu Hurayrah narrated to us that, in the year of the Conquest of Mecca, Khuza'ah killed a man from Banu Layth in retaliation for one of their men who had been killed during the Age of Ignorance. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood and said: (1)

“Allah held back the Elephant from Mecca and gave His Messenger and the believers authority over it. Indeed, it was not made lawful for anyone before me, nor will it be made lawful for anyone after me. It was made lawful for me only for an hour of one day; and now, at this very hour, it is sacred once again. Its thorny shrubs are not to be cut, its trees are not to be felled, and no one may pick up its lost property except one who will announce it. Whoever has a relative killed has the choice of two courses: either blood money is paid, or retaliation is carried out.” ⦗204/b⦘

A man from Yemen named Abu Shah stood up and said, “O Messenger of Allah, have it written down for me.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Write it down for Abu Shah.” Then a man from Quraysh stood and said, “O Messenger of Allah, except for idhkhir (a fragrant grass), for we use it in our houses and graves.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Except for idhkhir.” (3)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us from Malik, from Abu al-Nadr, the freedman of Umar ibn Ubayd Allah, that Abu Murrah, the freedman of Umm Hani bint Abi Talib, informed him that he heard Umm Hani bint Abi Talib say:

“I went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the year of the Conquest and found him bathing, while his daughter Fatimah screened him with a garment. I greeted him, and he asked, ‘Who is this?’ I replied, ‘I am Umm Hani bint Abi Talib.’ He said, ‘Welcome, Umm Hani.’ When he had finished bathing, he stood and prayed eight rak'ahs, wrapped in a single garment. Then he departed, and I said to him, ‘O Messenger of Allah, my brother Ali ibn Abi Talib claims that he will kill a man to whom I have granted protection—so-and-so ibn Hubayrah.’ The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘We have granted protection to whomever you have granted protection, O Umm Hani.’ That was in the forenoon.” (4)

His saying, Exalted is He: “When Allah’s help and victory come”—that is, when Allah’s help comes to you, O Muhammad, against those who opposed you, namely Quraysh—“and the victory,” meaning the conquest of Mecca.

“And you see people entering Allah’s religion in multitudes.” (2)

“And you see people entering Allah’s religion in multitudes”: in groups and company after company—the entire tribe and all its people—without fighting.

(1) Manuscript B reads: “He praised Allah and extolled Him, then said.” (2) Manuscript A reads: “Either they pay, or they are ransomed.” (3) Reported by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Diyat, chapter: “Whoever has had a relative killed has one of two options,” 12:205; and Muslim, Kitab al-Hajj, chapter on the inviolability of Mecca, its game, and its vegetation, no. 1355, 2:988. (4) Reported by Malik, Kitab Qasr al-Salah fi al-Safar, chapter on the Duha prayer, 1:152; al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Salah, chapter on praying while wrapped in a single garment, 1:469; as well as in Kitab al-Jizyah wa al-Muwada'ah and Kitab al-Adab; Muslim, Kitab Salat al-Musafirin wa Qasruha, chapter on the recommendation of the Duha prayer, no. 336, 1:498; and al-Musannaf in Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:89.

أَنَّ خُزَاعَةَ قَتَلُوا رَجُلًا. . . " وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ: حَدَّثَنَا حَرْبٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ "حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّهُ عَامَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ قَتَلَتْ خُزَاعَةُ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ بِقَتِيلٍ لَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: (١) إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَسَ عَنْ مَكَّةَ الْفِيلَ وَسَلَّطَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ. أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبَلِي، وَلَا تَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي، أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ، أَلَا وَإِنَّهَا سَاعَتِي هذه، حرام ٢٠٤/ب لَا يُخْتَلَى شَوْكُهَا وَلَا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا، وَلَا يَلْتَقِطُ سَاقِطَتَهَا إِلَّا مُنْشِدٌ، وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرِ إِمَّا يُؤَدَّى وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ (٢) فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو شَاهٍ فَقَالَ: اكْتُبْ لِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: اكْتُبُوا لِأَبِي شَاهٍ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ فَإِنَّا نَجْعَلُهُ فِي بُيُوتِنَا وَقُبُورِنَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضِرِ -مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبِيدِ اللَّهِ -أَنَّ أَبَا مُرَّةَ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أُمَّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ تَقُولُ: ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ يَغْتَسِلُ، وَفَاطِمَةُ ابْنَتُهُ تَسْتُرُهُ بِثَوْبٍ، قَالَتْ: فَسَلَّمْتُ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذِهِ؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا أُمُّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِأُمِّ هَانِئٍ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ غُسْلِهِ قَامَ فَصَلَّى ثَمَانِيَ رَكَعَاتٍ مُلْتَحِفًا فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، زَعَمَ ابْنُ أُمِّي، عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنَّهُ قَاتِلٌ رَجُلًا أَجَرْتُهُ، فُلَانُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: قَدْ أَجَرْنَا مَنْ أَجَرْتِ يَا أُمَّ هَانِئٍ، وَذَلِكَ ضُحًى (٤) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ﴾ إِذَا جَاءَكَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ عَلَى مَنْ عَادَاكَ وَهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ، ﴿وَالْفَتْحُ﴾ فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ. ﴿وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا (٢) ﴾ ﴿وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا﴾ زُمَرًا وَأَرْسَالًا الْقَبِيلَةُ بِأَسْرِهَا، وَالْقَوْمُ بِأَجْمَعِهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ قِتَالٍ.

(١) في "ب" (فحمد الله وأثنى عليه ثم قال) . (٢) في "أ" إما أن يؤدوا وإما يفادوا. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الديات، باب من قتل له قتيل فهو بخير النظرين: ١٢ / ٢٠٥، ومسلم في الحج، باب تحريم مكة وصيدها وخلاها. . برقم: (١٣٥٥) : ٢ / ٩٨٨. (٤) أخرجه مالك في قصر الصلاة في السفر، باب صلاة الضحى: ١ / ١٥٢، والبخاري في الصلاة، باب الصلاة في الثوب الواحد ملتحفا به: ١ / ٤٦٩ وفي الجزية والموادعة وفي الأدب، ومسلم في صلاة المسافرين وقصرها، باب استحباب صلاة الضحى برقم: (٣٣٦) : ١ / ٤٩٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٨٩.