Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/574)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

that is claimed from the Age of Ignorance lies beneath these two feet of mine, except for the custodianship of the House and the provision of water for the pilgrims. O assembly of Quraysh, Allah has removed from you the arrogance of the Age of Ignorance and its pride in forefathers. All people are descended from Adam, and Adam was created from dust.” Then he recited: “O mankind, We created you from a male and a female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you may know one another. Surely the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” (al-Hujurat, 49:13)

“O people of Mecca, what do you think I shall do with you?” They said, “Only good: a noble brother and the son of a noble brother.” He said, “Go, for you are free.” Thus the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set them free, though Allah had given him power over their necks by conquest. For this reason, the people of Mecca came to be called the Freedmen.

Then the people gathered to pledge allegiance. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sat for them on al-Safa, while Umar ibn al-Khattab sat below him, receiving the people’s pledges. They pledged to hear and obey to the extent of their ability. When he had finished receiving the men’s pledges, he received the pledges of the women.

Urwah ibn al-Zubayr said: Safwan ibn Umayyah left for Jeddah, intending to sail from there to Yemen. Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi said, “O Prophet of Allah, Safwan ibn Umayyah is the chief of my people. He has fled from you, intending to cast himself into the sea. So grant him protection.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “He is safe.” Umayr said, “O Messenger of Allah, give me something by which your protection may be recognized.” So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave him the turban with which he had entered Mecca.

Umayr set out with it until he caught up with Safwan at Jeddah, as he was about to embark upon the sea. He said, “O Safwan, may my father and mother be your ransom! I urge you by Allah not to destroy yourself. Here is the protection of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace; I have brought it to you.” Safwan said, “Woe to you! Get away from me, and do not speak to me.” He said, “O Safwan, may my father and mother be your ransom! He is the finest of people, the kindest of people, the most forbearing of people, and the best of people—your cousin. His might is your might, his honor is your honor, and his dominion is your dominion.” Safwan said, “I fear for my life because of him.” He said, “He is more forbearing and more generous than that.”

So he returned with him until he brought him before the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Safwan said, “This man claims that you have granted me protection.” He said, “He has spoken the truth.” Safwan said, “Then grant me two months in which to decide my affair.” He said, “You have four months in which to decide.”

Ibn Ishaq said: Altogether, the Muslims who witnessed the Conquest of Mecca numbered ten thousand. The Conquest of Mecca took place with ten nights remaining of Ramadan in the eighth year, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, remained in Mecca for fifteen nights after its conquest, shortening the prayer. (1)

Then he set out against Hawazin and Thaqif, who had encamped at Hunayn. (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us; Abu Nuaym narrated to us; Shayban narrated to us from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah:

(1) Manuscript A reads: "yaqdi" (he decides). (2) Reported by Ibn Ishaq; Sirat Ibn Hisham, 3:398-419. See also: Tarikh al-Tabari, 3:70-86; al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 4:352-361; Imta al-Asma by al-Maqrizi, p. 401 ff.; and Zad al-Ma'ad by Ibn al-Qayyim, 3:465-474.

يُدْعَى فَهُوَ تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ، إِلَّا سَدَانَةَ الْبَيْتِ وَسِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ، يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَذْهَبَ عَنْكُمْ نَخْوَةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَتَعَظُّمَهَا بِالْآبَاءِ، النَّاسُ مِنْ آدَمَ وَآدَمُ خُلِقَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ، ثُمَّ تَلَا "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى" (الْحُجُرَاتِ -١٣) الْآيَةَ، يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ، مَاذَا تَرَوْنَ أَنِّي فَاعِلٌ بِكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: خَيْرًا، أَخٌ كَرِيمٌ وَابْنُ أَخٍ كَرِيمٍ، قَالَ: اذْهَبُوا فَأَنْتُمُ الطُّلَقَاءُ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ كَانَ اللَّهُ أَمْكَنَهُ مِنْ رِقَابِهِمْ عَنْوَةً، فَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ الطُّلَقَاءَ. ثُمَّ اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ لِلْبَيْعَةِ؛ فَجَلَسَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الصَّفَا، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَسْفَلَ مِنْهُ يَأْخُذُ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِيمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ بَيْعَةِ الرِّجَالِ بَايَعَ النِّسَاءَ. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: خَرَجَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ يُرِيدُ جَدَّةَ لِيَرْكَبَ مِنْهَا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَقَالَ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنَّ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ سَيِّدُ قَوْمِي، وَقَدْ خَرَجَ هَارِبًا مِنْكَ لِيَقْذِفَ نَفْسَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، فَأَمِّنْهُ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: هُوَ آمِنٌ، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَعْطِنِي شَيْئًا يُعْرَفُ بِهِ أَمَانُكَ، فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِمَامَتَهُ الَّتِي دَخَلَ بِهَا مَكَّةَ، فَخَرَجَ بِهَا عُمَيْرٌ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ بِجَدَّةَ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ الْبَحْرَ فَقَالَ: يَا صَفْوَانُ فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي أُذَكِّرُكَ اللَّهَ فِي نَفْسِكَ أَنْ تُهْلِكَهَا، فَهَذَا أَمَانُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ جِئْتُكَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: وَيْلَكَ اُغْرُبْ عَنِّي فَلَا تُكَلِّمْنِي، قَالَ: أَيْ صَفْوَانُ فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي، أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ وَأَبَرُّ النَّاسِ، وَأَحْلَمُ النَّاسِ، وَخَيْرُ النَّاسِ، ابْنُ عَمِّكَ عِزُّهُ عِزُّكَ وَشَرَفُهُ شَرَفُكَ وَمُلْكُهُ مُلْكُكَ. قَالَ: إِنِّي أَخَافُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِي، قَالَ: هُوَ أَحْلَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَكْرَمُ، فَرَجَعَ بِهِ مَعَهُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ بِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ: إِنَّ هَذَا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ أَمَّنْتَنِي؟ قَالَ: صَدَقَ، قَالَ فَاجْعَلْنِي فِي أَمْرِي بِالْخِيَارِ شَهْرَيْنِ، قَالَ: أَنْتَ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ جَمِيعُ مَنْ شَهِدَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ، وَكَانَ فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ لِعَشْرِ لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ، وَأَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِهَا خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً [يَقْصُرُ] (١) الصَّلَاةَ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى هَوَازِنَ وَثَقِيفٍ، قَدْ نَزَلُوا حُنَيْنًا (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ،

(١) في "أ" يقضي. (٢) أخرجه ابن إسحاق، سيرة ابن هشام: ٣ / ٣٩٨ - ٤١٩. وانظر: تاريخ الطبري: ٣ / ٧٠ - ٨٦، البداية والنهاية: ٤ / ٣٥٢ - ٣٦١، إمتاع الأسماع للمقريزي ص (٤٠١) وما بعدها، زاد المعاد لابن القيم: ٣ / ٤٦٥ - ٤٧٤.