Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Then, when Quraysh joined forces against Khuza'ah, attacked them, and thereby violated the treaty between themselves and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by assaulting Khuza'ah—who were under his covenant—Amr ibn Salim al-Khuza'i set out and came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in Medina. This was among the events that precipitated the conquest of Mecca. He stood before him while he was sitting in the mosque amid the people and said:

“O Allah, I beseech Muhammad ...
By the ancient alliance of our father and his father.
Indeed, Quraysh have broken their word to you ...
And violated your firmly confirmed covenant.”

The verses are as we mentioned under Surah al-Tawbah (1).

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “You have been granted help, O Amr ibn Salim.” Then a cloud appeared in the sky before the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, “This cloud is pouring forth in support of Banu Ka'b,” the clan of Amr ibn Salim.

Then Budeil ibn Warqa' set out with a group from Khuza'ah until they came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. They informed him of the losses they had suffered and of Quraysh’s support (2) for Banu Bakr against them. They then returned to Mecca. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said to the people, “It is as though you can see Abu Sufyan coming to reinforce the treaty and extend its term.”

Budeil ibn Warqa' went on and met Abu Sufyan at Usfan. Quraysh had sent him to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to reinforce the treaty and extend its term, for they feared the consequences of what they had done. When Abu Sufyan met Budeil, he said, “Where have you come from, O Budeil?” He suspected that he had gone to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Budeil replied, “I travelled among Khuza'ah along this coast and through the valley.” He asked, “Did you not come to Muhammad?” He replied, “No.”

When Budeil departed for Mecca, Abu Sufyan said, “If he has been to Medina, then he must have fed his camel date pits there.” He went to the place where Budeil’s camel had knelt, took some of its droppings, crumbled them, and found date pits in them. He said, “By Allah, Budeil has certainly come to Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.”

Then Abu Sufyan set out until he came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in Medina. He went in to his daughter, Umm Habibah bint Abu Sufyan. When he moved to sit on the bedding of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, she folded it away from him. He said, “My daughter, did you consider me too good for this bed, or did you consider this bed too good for me?” She replied, “Rather, it is the bedding of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and you are an impure polytheist. I did not wish you to sit on the bedding ⦗203/A⦘ of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” He said, “By Allah, my daughter, something (3) has happened to you since I left.”

(1) See Ibn Hisham's Sirah for the full context, 4:9-10. (2) Assistance. (3) In manuscript B: “evil.”
فَلَمَّا تَظَاهَرَتْ قُرَيْشٌ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ وَأَصَابُوا مِنْهُمْ وَنَقَضُوا مَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ بِمَا اسْتَحَلُّوا مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ -وَكَانُوا فِي عَقْدِهِ-خَرَجَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا هَاجَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ، فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ جَالِسٌ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيِ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: لَا هُمَّ إِنِّي نَاشِدٌ مُحَمَّدًا ... حِلْفَ أَبِينَا وَأَبِيهِ الْأَتْلَدَا إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَخْلَفُوكَ الْمَوْعِدَا ... وَنَقَضُوا مِيثَاقَكَ الْمُؤَكَّدَا الْأَبْيَاتُ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي سُورَةِ التَّوْبَةِ (١) . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "قَدْ نُصِرْتَ يَا عَمْرُو بْنَ سَالِمٍ"، ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنَانٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالَ: "إِنَّ هَذِهِ السَّحَابَةُ لَتَسْتَهِلُّ، بِنَصْرِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ"، وَهُمْ رَهْطُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَالِمٍ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ، حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِمَا أُصِيبَ مِنْهُمْ [وَبِمُظَاهَرَةِ] (٢) قُرَيْشٍ بَنِي بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا رَاجِعِينَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ: كَأَنَّكُمْ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ قَدْ جَاءَ لِيَشُدَّ الْعَقْدَ وَيَزِيدَ فِي الْمُدَّةِ. وَمَضَى بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ فَلَقِيَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بِعَسَفَانَ، قَدْ بَعَثَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَشُدَّ الْعَقْدَ وَيَزِيدَ فِي الْمُدَّةِ، وَقَدْ رَهِبُوا الَّذِي صَنَعُوا، فَلَمَّا لَقِيَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بُدَيْلًا قَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلْتَ يَا بُدَيْلُ؟ وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: سِرْتُ فِي خُزَاعَةَ فِي هَذَا السَّاحِلِ وَفِي بَطْنِ هَذَا الوادي، قال: أو ما أَتَيْتَ مُحَمَّدًا؟ قَالَ: لَا فَلَمَّا رَاحَ بُدَيْلٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: لَئِنْ كَانَ جَاءَ الْمَدِينَةَ لَقَدْ عَلَفَ نَاقَتَهُ بِهَا النَّوَى، فَعَمَدَ إِلَى مَبْرَكِ نَاقَتِهِ فَأَخَذَ مِنْ بَعْرِهَا فَفَتَّهُ فَرَأَى فِيهِ النَّوَى، فَقَالَ: أَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ لَقَدْ جَاءَ بُدَيْلٌ مُحَمَّدًا. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، فِلْمَّا ذَهَبَ لِيَجْلِسَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَوَتْهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّةُ أَرَغِبْتِ بِي عَنْ هَذَا الْفِرَاشِ أَمْ أَرَغِبْتِ بِهِ عَنِّي؟ قَالَتْ: بَلَى هُوَ فِرَاشُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنْتَ رَجُلٌ مُشْرِكٌ نَجِسٌ، فَلَمْ أُحِبَّ أَنْ تَجْلِسَ على فراش ٢٠٣/أرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَصَابَكِ يَا بُنَيَّةُ بَعْدِي [شَيْءٌ] (٣)
(١) راجع سيرة ابن هشام لتمام المعنى: ٤ / ٩ - ١٠. (٢) المعاونة. (٣) في "ب" شر.

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