Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/565)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Nasr (Divine Help) is Meccan (1).

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“When Allah’s help and victory come (1).”

“Whenever Allah’s help and victory come” refers to the conquest of Mecca.

Its account—as related by Muhammad ibn Ishaq and the historians—is that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, concluded a truce with Quraysh in the year of al-Hudaybiyyah, they agreed to suspend warfare among the people for ten years, during which people would be safe and refrain from fighting one another. They further agreed that whoever wished to enter into the covenant and alliance of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, could do so, and whoever wished to enter into the covenant and alliance of Quraysh could do so. Thus, Banu Bakr entered into the alliance of Quraysh, while Khuza'ah entered into the covenant of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. There had long been enmity between the two.

Then Banu Bakr attacked Khuza'ah while they were at one of their watering places in the lower part of Mecca, called al-Watir. Nawfal ibn Mu'awiyah al-Du'ali set out with Banu al-Du'il, a branch of Banu Bakr, and launched a night raid against Khuza'ah; not all of Banu Bakr followed him. They struck down one of them, and fighting broke out between the two sides. Quraysh supplied Banu Bakr with weapons, and some men of Quraysh fought alongside them secretly at night, until they drove Khuza'ah into the Sacred Precinct.

Among those from Quraysh who personally aided Banu Bakr against Khuza'ah that night, disguising themselves, were Safwan ibn Umayyah, Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, and Suhayl ibn Amr, together with their slaves. When they reached the Sacred Precinct, Banu Bakr said, “O Nawfal, we have entered the Sacred Precinct! Your god, your god!” But he uttered a terrible statement: “Today I have no god. [O Banu Bakr] (2), take your revenge within it.”

(1) Ibn Mardawayh narrated from Ibn Abbas that the verse, “When the help of Allah and the victory come,” was revealed in Medina. Ibn Mardawayh also narrated from Ibn al-Zubayr that “When the help of Allah comes” was revealed in Medina. Ibn Jarir narrated from Ata ibn Yasar that the entire surah, “When the help of Allah and the victory come,” was revealed in Medina after the conquest of Mecca and the people’s entering the religion, foretelling to him his own death. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:658. (2) From Ibn Hisham’s Sirah, for the full context.

سُورَةُ النَّصْرِ مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ (١) ﴾ ﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ﴾ أَرَادَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ. وَكَانَتْ قِصَّتُهُ -عَلَى مَا ذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَأَصْحَابُ الْأَخْبَارِ -أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا صَالَحَ قُرَيْشًا عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى وَضْعِ الْحَرْبِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، يَأْمَنُ فِيهِنَّ النَّاسُ، وَيَكُفُّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَهْدِهِ دَخَلَ فِيهِ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ دَخَلَ فِيهِ، فَدَخَلَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَدَخَلَتْ خُزَاعَةُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا شَرٌّ قَدِيمٌ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَنِي بَكْرٍ عَدَتْ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ، وَهُمْ عَلَى مَاءٍ لَهُمْ بِأَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ، يُقَالُ لَهُ "الوَتِيرُ"، فَخَرَجَ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الدُّؤَلِيُّ فِي بَنِي الدُّئَلِ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ حَتَّى بَيَّتَ خُزَاعَةَ، وَلَيْسَ كُلُّ بَكْرٍ تَابَعَهُ، فَأَصَابُوا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلًا وَتَحَارَبُوا وَاقْتَتَلُوا، وَرَفَدَتْ قُرَيْشٌ بَنِي بَكْرٍ بِالسِّلَاحِ، وَقَاتَلَ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مَنْ قَاتَلَ مُسْتَخْفِيًا بِاللَّيْلِ، حَتَّى حازوا خزاعة إلىالحرم، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ أَعَانَ بَنِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ لَيْلَتَئِذٍ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ مُتَنَكِّرِينَ: صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، مَعَ عَبِيدِهِمْ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْحَرَمِ قَالَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ: يَا نَوْفَلُ إِنَّا دَخَلْنَا الْحَرَمَ، إِلَهَكَ إِلَهَكَ، فَقَالَ كَلِمَةً عَظِيمَةً: إِنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ لِيَ الْيَوْمَ، [يَا بَنِي بَكْرٍ] (٢) أَصِيبُوا ثَأْرَكُمْ فِيهِ.

(١) أخرج ابن مردويه عن ابن عباس قال: أنزل بالمدينة (إذا جاء نصر الله والفتح) . وأخرج ابن مردويه عن ابن الزبير قال أنزل (إذا جاء نصر الله) بالمدينة. وأخرج ابن جرير عن عطاء بن يسار قال: نزلت (إذا جاء نصر الله والفتح) كلها بالمدينة بعد فتح مكة ودخول الناس في الدين ينعى إليه نفسه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٦٥٨. (٢) من سيرة هشام لتمام المعنى.