Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/549)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Ma'un is Meccan (1).

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

“Have you seen the one who denies the Recompense? That is the one who drives away the orphan and does not urge the feeding of the poor. So woe to those who pray, yet are heedless of their prayer.”

Concerning His saying, “Have you seen the one who denies the Recompense?” Muqatil said: “It was revealed concerning al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi (2).” Al-Suddi, Muqatil ibn Hayyan, and Ibn Kaysan said: “It was revealed concerning al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah.” Al-Dahhak said: “Concerning Amr (3) ibn A'idh al-Makhzumi.” Ata' narrated from Ibn Abbas that it concerned a man among the hypocrites (4).

The meaning of “denies the Recompense” is that he denies requital and the Reckoning. “That is the one who drives away the orphan”: he oppresses him and deprives him of his due. Driving away means pushing someone off harshly and rudely. “And does not urge the feeding of the poor”: he neither feeds him nor commands that he be fed, because he denies requital. “So woe to those who pray, yet are heedless of their prayer”: that is, they are inattentive to its prescribed times (5).

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Sa'id Muhammad ibn Musa al-Sayrafi informed us; Abu Abd Allah informed us,

(1) Ibn Mardawayh narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: “Have you seen the one who denies...” was revealed in Mecca. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:641. (2) See Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, p. 504. (3) Manuscript A reads: “Umar”; the correct reading is that given in the text. (4) See Zad al-Masir, 9:243-244. (5) The text within parentheses is omitted from Manuscript B.

سُورَةُ الْمَاعُونِ مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ (١) فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَدُعُّ الْيَتِيمَ (٢) وَلَا يَحُضُّ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ (٣) فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ (٤) الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ (٥) ﴾ ﴿أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ السَّهْمِيِّ (٢) وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ وَابْنُ كَيْسَانَ: فِي الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ. قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: فِي [عَمْرِو] (٣) بْنِ عَائِذٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ (٤) . وَمَعْنَى "يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ" أَيْ بِالْجَزَاءِ وَالْحِسَابِ. ﴿فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَدُعُّ الْيَتِيمَ﴾ يَقْهَرُهُ وَيَدْفَعُهُ عَنْ حَقِّهِ وَالدَّعُّ: الدَّفْعُ بِالْعُنْفِ وَالْجَفْوَةِ. ﴿وَلَا يَحُضُّ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ﴾ لَا يَطْعَمُهُ وَلَا يَأْمُرُ بِإِطْعَامِهِ لِأَنَّهُ يُكَذِّبُ بِالْجَزَاءِ. ﴿فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ﴾ [أَيْ: عَنْ مَوَاقِيتِهَا غَافِلُونَ] (٥) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ

(١) أخرج ابن مردويه عن ابن عباس قال: أنزلت (أرأيت الذي يكذب) بمكة. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٦٤١. (٢) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي صفحة (٥٠٤) . (٣) في "أ" عمر والصحيح ما أثبت. (٤) انظر: زاد المسير: ٩ / ٢٤٣ - ٢٤٤. (٥) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب".