Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/520)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

, O Messenger of Allah.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: (1) “I too have experienced some of that.” They then went to the home of Abu al-Haytham ibn al-Tayyihan al-Ansari, a man who owned many date palms and sheep, though he had no servants. Not finding him, they asked his wife, “Where is your husband?” She replied, “He has gone to fetch us fresh water.” Before long, 199/b Abu al-Haytham arrived carrying a waterskin filled with water. He set it down, then came and embraced the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, “May my father and mother be sacrificed for you.” He then took them to his garden and spread out a mat for them. Next, he went to a date palm, brought a cluster of dates, and placed it before them. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Why did you not select some of its ripe and unripe dates for us?” He replied, “O Messenger of Allah, I wanted you to choose—or, he said, select—from its ripe and unripe dates.” So they ate and drank from that water.

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “This, by Him in whose hand is my soul, is among the comforts concerning which you will be questioned on the Day of Resurrection: cool shade, wholesome ripe dates, and cold water.”

Abu al-Haytham then went to prepare food for them, but the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Do not slaughter a milk-bearing animal.” So he slaughtered a young she-goat or a young male goat, brought it to them, and they ate. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then asked, “Do you have a servant?” He replied, “No.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “When captives come to us, come to us.”

Later, two captives, with no third among them, were brought to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Abu al-Haytham came to him, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Choose one of them.” He said, “O Prophet of Allah, choose for me.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “The one whose counsel is sought is entrusted. Take this one, for I saw him praying; and treat him well.” Abu al-Haytham took him to his wife and informed her of what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said. His wife said, “You will not be able to fulfill what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, instructed concerning him unless you set him free.” He said, “Then he is free.”

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Allah, exalted is He, has not sent any prophet or caliph except that he has two inner circles: one that commands him to what is right and forbids him from what is wrong, and another that spares no effort to corrupt him. Whoever is protected from evil advisers has indeed been protected.” (3)

It is also related from Ibn Abbas that he said: The blessings are the health of the body, hearing, and sight. Allah will ask His servants how they used them, though He knows that better than they do. (4) This is indicated by His saying: “Indeed, the hearing, the sight, and the heart—each of these will be questioned.” (al-Isra’, 17:36)

Ikrimah said: They will be questioned about health and leisure.

Saʿid ibn Jubayr said: About health, leisure, and wealth.

(1) The text within parentheses is omitted from manuscript A. (2) Added from manuscript A. (3) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in al-Zuhd, chapter on the living conditions of the Companions of the Prophet, 7:34-39. He said: “This is a hasan sahih gharib (sound, authentic, solitary) hadith.” It was authenticated by al-Hakim, 4:131; al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab al-Iman, 8:483-484; and al-Tahawi in Mushkil al-Athar, 1:195. Al-Albani also authenticated it in Sahih al-Jami', no. 6948. Muslim reported a similar version through another chain in al-Ashribah, chapter on the permissibility of taking another person along to the home of one whose approval of this is trusted, no. 2038, 3:1610. (4) Reported by al-Tabari, 30:289, and al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab al-Iman, 8:493. Its chain is hasan (sound), though it contains a break in transmission. Al-Suyuti further attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:612, to Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Mardawayh. See the annotation on Shu'ab al-Iman.

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ [النَّبِيُّ ﷺ] : (١) "وَأَنَا قَدْ وَجَدْتُ، بَعْضَ ذَلِكَ"، فَانْطَلِقُوا إِلَى مَنْزِلِ أَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ التَّيِّهَانِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا كَثِيرَ النَّخْلِ وَالشَّاءِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ خَدَمٌ، فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ، فَقَالُوا لِامْرَأَتِهِ: أَيْنَ صَاحِبُكِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: انْطَلَقَ لِيَسْتَعْذِبَ لَنَا الْمَاءَ، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثُوا أن جاء ١٩٩/ب أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ بِقِرْبَةٍ يَزْعَبُهَا مَاءً فَوَضَعَهَا، ثُمَّ جَاءَ يَلْتَزِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَفْدِيهِ بِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ بِهِمْ إِلَى حَدِيقَتِهِ فَبَسَطَ لَهُمْ بِسَاطًا، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى نَخْلَةٍ فَجَاءَ بِقِنْوٍ فَوَضَعَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَفَلَا تَنَقَّيْتَ لَنَا مِنْ رُطَبِهِ وَبُسْرِهِ"، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَخَيَّرُوا [أَوْ قَالَ: أَنْ تَخْتَارُوا] (٢) مِنْ رُطَبِهِ وَبُسْرِهِ، فَأَكَلُوا وَشَرِبُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "هَذَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مِنَ النَّعِيمِ الَّذِي تُسْأَلُونَ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ظِلٌّ بَارِدٌ، وَرُطَبٌ طَيِّبٌ، وَمَاءٌ بَارِدٌ"، فَانْطَلَقَ أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ لِيَصْنَعَ لَهُمْ طَعَامًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "لَا تَذْبَحَنَّ ذَاتَ دَرٍّ"، فَذَبَحَ لَهُمْ عَنَاقًا أَوْ جَدْيًا فَأَتَاهُمْ بِهَا، فَأَكَلُوا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: هَلْ لَكَ خَادِمٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "فَإِذَا أَتَانَا سَبْيٌ فَأْتِنَا"، فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِرَأْسَيْنِ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمَا ثَالِثٌ، فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "اخْتَرْ مِنْهُمَا"، فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ اخْتَرْ لِي، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، "إِنَّ الْمُسْتَشَارَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ، خُذْ هَذَا، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي، وَاسْتَوْصِ بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا" فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهَا بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: مَا أَنْتَ بِبَالِغٍ فِيهِ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا أَنْ تَعْتِقَهُ، قَالَ: فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، "إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ لَمْ يَبْعَثْ نَبِيًّا وَلَا خَلِيفَةً إِلَّا وَلَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ، بِطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَاهُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، وَبِطَانَةٌ لَا تَأْلُوهُ خَبَالًا وَمَنْ يُوقَ بِطَانَةَ السُّوءِ فَقَدْ وُقِيَ" (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: النَّعِيمُ: صِحَّةُ الْأَبْدَانِ وَالْأَسْمَاعِ وَالْأَبْصَارِ، يَسْأَلُ اللَّهُ الْعَبِيدَ فِيمَ اسْتَعْمَلُوهَا؟ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ (٤) ، وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: "إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولَئِكَ كان عنه مسؤلا" (الْإِسْرَاءِ -٣٦) . وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: عَنِ الصِّحَّةِ وَالْفَرَاغِ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: عَنِ الصِّحَّةِ وَالْفَرَاغِ وَالْمَالِ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٢) زيادة من "أ". (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في الزهد، باب ما جاء في معيشة أصحاب النبي ﷺ: ٧ / ٣٤ - ٣٩. وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب" وصححه الحاكم ٤ / ١٣١ والبيهقي في "شعب الإيمان": ٨ / ٤٨٣، ٤٨٤ والطحاوي في "مشكل الآثار": ١ / ١٩٥، وصححه الألباني في "صحيح الجامع" برقم (٦٩٤٨) وأخرجه مسلم بنحوه من طريق آخر في الأشربة، باب جواز استتباعه غيره إلى دار من يثق برضاه بذلك رقم (٢٠٣٨) : ٣ / ١٦١٠. (٤) أخرجه الطبري: ٣٠ / ٢٨٩، والبيهقي في "الشعب": ٨ / ٤٩٣ وإسناده حسن، لكن فيه انقطاع وزاد السيوطي في الدر: ٨ / ٦١٢ عزوه لابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه. وانظر التعليق على شعب الإيمان.