Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/511)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Qāriʿah (The Striking Calamity) is Makkan. (1)

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

“The Striking Calamity! What is the Striking Calamity? And what can make you know what the Striking Calamity is? It is the Day when people will be like scattered moths, and the mountains will be like fluffed wool. Then, as for one whose scales are heavy, he will be in a pleasant life.”

“The Striking Calamity” is [a name] (2) of the Day of Resurrection, because it strikes hearts with terror. “What is the Striking Calamity?” is an expression of its dreadfulness and magnitude. “And what can make you know what the Striking Calamity is? It is the Day when people will be like scattered moths”: these moths are small flying insects; the singular is farāshah (moth)—that is, like the flying creatures one sees plunging into a fire. “Scattered” means dispersed.

Al-Farrāʾ said: like swarms of locusts. He likened ⦗199a⦘ people at the Resurrection to them, because created beings will surge into one another and climb over one another in terror, as He says: “as though they were scattered locusts” (Qamar 54:7).

“And the mountains will be like fluffed wool”: like carded wool. “Then, as for one whose scales are heavy”: his good deeds outweigh [his evil deeds] (5). “He will be in a pleasant life”: a life that is pleasing, in Paradise. Al-Zajjāj said: a life filled with satisfaction, with which its inhabitant is pleased.

(1) Ibn Mardawayh reported from Ibn Abbas that he said: Surat al-Qari'ah was revealed in Mecca. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:605. Ibn al-Jawzi states in Zad al-Masir, 9:213: “It is Meccan by their consensus.” The author’s wording suggests that its being Madinan is a weak view. (2) Added from manuscript A. (3) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (4) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (5) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B.

سُورَةُ الْقَارِعَةِ مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿الْقَارِعَةُ (١) مَا الْقَارِعَةُ (٢) وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْقَارِعَةُ (٣) يَوْمَ يَكُونُ النَّاسُ كَالْفَرَاشِ الْمَبْثُوثِ (٤) وَتَكُونُ الْجِبَالُ كَالْعِهْنِ الْمَنْفُوشِ (٥) فَأَمَّا مَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ (٦) فَهُوَ فِي عِيشَةٍ رَاضِيَةٍ (٧) ﴾ ﴿الْقَارِعَةُ﴾ [اسْمٌ] (٢) مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ الْقِيَامَةِ، لِأَنَّهَا تَقْرَعُ الْقُلُوبَ بِالْفَزَعِ. ﴿مَا الْقَارِعَةُ﴾ تَهْوِيلٌ وَتَعْظِيمٌ. ﴿وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْقَارِعَةُ يَوْمَ يَكُونُ النَّاسُ كَالْفَرَاشِ الْمَبْثُوثِ﴾ هَذَا الْفَرَاشُ: الطَّيْرُ [الصِّغَارُ الْبَقُّ، وَاحِدُهَا فَرَاشَةٌ، أَيْ: كَالطَّيْرِ] (٣) الَّتِي تَرَاهَا تَتَهَافَتُ فِي النَّارِ، وَالْمَبْثُوثُ: الْمُتَفَرِّقُ. وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: كَغَوْغَاءِ الجراد، شبه ١٩٩/أالنَّاسَ عِنْدَ الْبَعْثِ بِهَا [لِأَنَّ الْخَلْقَ] (٤) يَمُوجُ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي بَعْضٍ وَيَرْكَبُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا مِنَ الْهَوْلِ كَمَا قَالَ: "كَأَنَّهُمْ جَرَادٌ مُنْتَشِرٌ" (الْقَمَرِ -٧) . ﴿وَتَكُونُ الْجِبَالُ كَالْعِهْنِ الْمَنْفُوشِ﴾ كَالصُّوفِ الْمَنْدُوفِ. ﴿فَأَمَّا مَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ﴾ رَجَحَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُ [عَلَى سَيِّئَاتِهِ] (٥) . ﴿فَهُوَ فِي عِيشَةٍ رَاضِيَةٍ﴾ مَرْضِيَّةٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ. قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ ذَاتِ رِضًا يَرْضَاهَا صَاحِبُهَا.

(١) أخرج ابن مردويه عن ابن عباس ﵄ قال: نزلت سورة القارعة بمكة. انظر الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٦٠٥. وقال ابن الجوزي في زاد المسير: ٩ / ٢١٣ "وهي مكة بإجماعهم". وعبارة المصنف ﵀ توحي بضعف كونها مدنية. (٢) زيادة من "أ". (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٤) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٥) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب".