Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/491)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The scholars of exegesis said: “The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months” means that a righteous deed performed on the Night of Decree is better than the deeds of a thousand months in which there is no Night of Decree.

Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin al-Qushayri dictated to us: Abu Nuaym al-Isfarayini reported to us; Abu Awanah reported to us; Abu Ismail reported to us; al-Humaydi reported to us; Sufyan reported to us; al-Zuhri reported to us; Abu Salamah informed me, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever stands in prayer during the Night of Decree out of faith and in hope of reward will be forgiven his past sins.” (1)

Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: “Whoever attends the Maghrib and Isha prayers in congregation has obtained his share of the Night of Decree.” (2)

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi reported to us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi reported to us; Abu Bakr ibn Abdus al-Muzakki reported to us; Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub reported to us; al-Hasan ibn Makram reported to us; Yazid ibn Harun reported to us; Kahmas informed us, on the authority of Abdullah ibn Buraydah, that Aishah said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “If I encounter the Night of Decree, what should I say?” He said: “Say: ‘O Allah, You are Most Forgiving and love forgiveness, so forgive me.’” (3)

“The angels and the Spirit descend therein, by permission of their Lord, with every decree. Peace it is until the emergence of dawn.” (4) (5)

His saying, exalted is He: “The angels and the Spirit descend”—that is, Gabriel along with them—“therein,” meaning on the Night of Decree, “by permission of their Lord, with every decree,” meaning with every matter of goodness and blessing. This is like His saying: “They guard him by the command of Allah” (al-Ra'd 13:11), meaning, by Allah’s command.

Regarding His saying, “Peace,” Ata said: It means peace upon the close friends of Allah and those devoted to His obedience. Al-Sha'bi said: It refers to the angels’ greetings to the people of the mosques on the Night of Decree, from sunset until dawn rises. (4)

Al-Kalbi said: The angels descend during it, and whenever they meet a believing man or woman, they convey greetings to them from their Lord until dawn rises.

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Tarawih, chapter: “The Virtue of One Who Stands in Prayer during Ramadan,” 4:250; and by Muslim in Salat al-Musafirin, chapter: “Encouragement to Stand in Prayer during Ramadan,” no. 760, 1:524. (2) Cited by al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:582. (3) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in al-Daawat, 9:495, who said: “This is a sound, authentic hadith”; by al-Nasai in al-Tafsir, 2:538, and in Amal al-Yawm wa al-Laylah, p. 499, from whose route Ibn al-Sunni reported it in Amal al-Yawm wa al-Laylah, p. 359; by Ibn Majah, no. 3850, 2:1265; by al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman, 7:299; by Imam Ahmad, 6:171, 182, 183; by al-Hakim, 2:530, who authenticated it according to the criteria of al-Bukhari and Muslim, and al-Dhahabi concurred; and by Muhammad ibn Nasr in Qiyam al-Layl wa Qiyam Ramadan, p. 239, in al-Maqrizi’s abridgment. Al-Nawawi also authenticated it in al-Adhkar. See Ibn Allan, al-Futuhat al-Rabbaniyyah ala al-Adhkar al-Nawawiyyah, 4:346. (4) Reported by al-Bayhaqi from him in Shuab al-Iman, 7:299; its narrators are trustworthy. It was also cited by al-Qurtubi from him, 20:134.

قَالَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ: "لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ" مَعْنَاهُ: عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مَنْ عَمِلِ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ. حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ هَوَازِنَ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ، إِمْلَاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أبو نعيم الإسفرايني، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ قَامَ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ" (١) . قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: مَنْ شَهِدَ الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعَشَاءَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَقَدْ أَخَذَ بِحَظِّهِ مِنْ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسَ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا كَهْمَسُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِنْ وَافَيْتُ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ فَمَا أَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: "قَوْلِي: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفْوٌ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي" (٣) . ﴿تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ (٤) سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ (٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ﴾ يَعْنِي جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ مَعَهُمْ، ﴿فِيهَا﴾ أَيْ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ، ﴿بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ﴾ أَيْ بِكُلِّ أَمْرٍ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالْبَرَكَةِ، كَقَوْلِهِ: "يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ" (الرَّعْدِ -١١) أَيْ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ. ﴿سَلَامٌ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: يُرِيدُ: سَلَامٌ عَلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ وَأَهْلِ طَاعَتِهِ. وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: هُوَ تَسْلِيمُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَسَاجِدِ مِنْ حَيْثُ تَغِيبُ الشَّمْسُ إِلَى أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ (٤) . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَنْزِلُونَ فِيهِ كُلَّمَا لَقُوا مُؤْمِنًا أَوْ مُؤْمِنَةً سَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التراويح، باب فضل من قام رمضان: ٤ / ٢٥٠، ومسلم في صلاة المسافرين، باب الترغيب في قيام رمضان برقم: (٧٦٠) : ١ / ٥٢٤. (٢) ذكره السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٥٨٢. (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في الدعوات: ٩ / ٤٩٥ وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح"، والنسائي في التفسير: ٢ / ٥٣٨، وفي عمل اليوم والليلة صفحة: (٤٩٩) ومن طريقه أخرجه ابن السني في عمل اليوم والليلة صفحة (٣٥٩) ، وابن ماجه برقم: (٣٨٥٠) : ٢ / ١٢٦٥، والبيهقي في شعب الإيمان: ٧ / ٢٩٩ والإمام أحمد: ٦ / ١٧١، ١٨٢، ١٨٣، والحاكم: ٢ / ٥٣٠ وصححه على شرط الشيخين ووافقه الذهبي، ومحمد بن نصر في قيام الليل وقيام رمضان صفحة: (٢٣٩) من مختصر المقريزي. وصححه النووي في الأذكار. وانظر: الفتوحات الربانية على الأذكار النووية لابن علان: ٤ / ٣٤٦. (٤) أخرجه البيهقي عنه في شعب الإيمان: ٧ / ٢٩٩ ورجاله ثقات وذكره القرطبي عنه: ٢٠ / ١٣٤.