Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/473)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

He said: “Except those who believe” refers to those who recite the Quran. (1) He also said: “Whoever recites the Quran will not be reduced to the most decrepit stage of life.” (2)

“Theirs shall be an unceasing reward”: a reward that is not cut off, for he is credited with the righteous deeds he used to perform. Al-Dahhak said: “A reward without deeds.” Then, as a conclusive proof, He says:

“So what causes you, after this, to deny the Recompense? Is not Allah the Most Just of judges?” (7–8)

“So what causes you to deny?” [That is: who declares you a liar? It is also said: What causes you to lie—that is, what induces you to lie—or, according to another view, to deny the truth.] (3) O man, “after this”—that is, after this proof and evidence—“the Recompense,” meaning the reckoning and requital. The meaning is: Will you not reflect upon your form, your youth, and your old age, and thereby take heed, saying, “The One who did this is able to resurrect me and call me to account”? So, after these proofs, what causes you to deny requital?

“Is not Allah the Most Just of judges?” That is, the most decisive of judges. Muqatil said: “Will not Allah” (4) judge between you and those who deny you, (5) O Muhammad?

It has been narrated to us that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever recites ‘By the fig and the olive’ and reaches its end—‘Is not Allah the Most Just of judges?’—should say: ‘Indeed, and I am among those who testify to this.’” (6)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us; Abu al-Walid informed us; Shubah narrated to us from Adi ibn Thabit al-Ansari, who said: I heard al-Bara ibn Azib say: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was travelling and recited, in one of the two units of the Isha prayer, “By the fig and the olive.” (7)

(1) Added from manuscript “B”. (2) Al-Hakim graded it sahih (authentic) in al-Mustadrak, 2:528-529, and al-Dhahabi concurred. Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it, in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:558, to al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman. (3) The text within the parentheses is omitted from manuscript “B”. (4) The text within the parentheses is omitted from manuscript “B”. (5) Omitted from manuscript “A”. (6) Narrated in full by Abu Dawud in al-Salah, chapter on the prescribed extent of ruku (bowing) and sujud (prostration), 1:423; and, through his chain, by al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 2:310, and by Imam Ahmad, 2:249. Al-Tirmidhi also narrated it in abridged form, 9:276-277, from Ismail ibn Umayyah, who said: “I heard a Bedouin man say, ‘I heard Abu Hurayrah.’” He said: “This hadith is narrated only through this chain, from this Bedouin man, from Abu Hurayrah; he is not named.” It was also narrated by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:104-105. (7) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, under the exegesis of Surat al-Tin, 8:713.

قَالَ: "إِلَّا الذين [آمنوا] " (١) قرؤا الْقُرْآنَ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ لَمْ يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ (٢) ﴿فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ﴾ غَيْرُ مَقْطُوعٍ، لِأَنَّهُ يُكْتَبُ لَهُ كَصَالِحِ مَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ. قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: أَجْرٌ بِغَيْرِ عَمَلٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِلْزَامًا لِلْحُجَّةِ: ﴿فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ (٧) أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ (٨) ﴾ ﴿فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ﴾ [أَيْ: أَمَّنْ يُكَذِّبُكَ. وَقِيلَ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ يُكَذِّبُكَ؟ أَيْ يَحْمِلُكَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ، وَقِيلَ عَلَى التَّكْذِيبِ] (٣) أَيُّهَا الْإِنْسَانُ، ﴿بَعْدُ﴾ أَيْ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْحُجَّةِ وَالْبُرْهَانِ، ﴿بِالدِّينِ﴾ بِالْحِسَابِ وَالْجَزَاءِ، وَالْمَعْنَى: أَلَا تَتَفَكَّرُ فِي صُورَتِكَ وَشَبَابِكَ وَهَرَمِكَ فَتَعْتَبِرُ، وَتَقُولُ: إِنَّ الَّذِي فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَنِي وَيُحَاسِبَنِي، فَمَا الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُكَ بِالْمُجَازَاةِ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْحُجَجِ؟ ﴿أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ﴾ بِأَقْضَى الْقَاضِينَ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: [أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ] (٤) يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِ التَّكْذِيبِ [بِكَ] (٥) يَا مُحَمَّدٌ. وَرُوِّينَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ قَرَأَ وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ فَانْتَهَى إِلَى آخِرِهَا: "أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ" فَلْيَقُلْ: بَلَى، وَأَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ" (٦) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَقَرَأَ فِي الْعَشَاءِ فِي إِحْدَى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بِالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ (٧) .

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) صححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٥٢٨ - ٥٢٩ ووافقه الذهبي وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٥٥٨ عزوه للبيهقي في شعب الإيمان. (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٤) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٥) ساقط من "أ". (٦) أخرجه أبو داود مطولا في الصلاة، باب مقدار الركوع والسجود: ١ / ٤٢٣ ومن طريقه البيهقي في السنن: ٢ / ٣١٠، والإمام أحمد: ٢ / ٢٤٩. ورواه الترمذي: ٩ / ٢٧٦ - ٢٧٧ مختصرا عن إسماعيل بن أمية قال: سمعت رجلا بدويا يقول سمعت أبا هريرة. . وقال: "هذا حديث إنما يروى بهذا الإسناد عن هذا الأعرابي عن أبي هريرة ولا يسمى" والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ١٠٤ - ١٠٥. (٧) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير - تفسير سورة التين: ٨ / ٧١٣.