Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/457)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Hassan ibn Sa‘id al-Mani‘i informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhamish al-Ziyadi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattan informed us; Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Sulami narrated to us; ‘Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us: Ma‘mar reported to me from Hammam ibn Munabbih, who said: Abu Hurayrah informed us that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Wealth does not lie in an abundance of worldly possessions; rather, wealth is richness of the soul.” (1)

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Zaghratani (2) informed us; Ahmad ibn Sa‘id informed us; Abu Yahya Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah informed us; my father narrated to us; Shurahbil ibn Sharik narrated to me from Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Hubuli, from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Successful indeed is the one who submits to Allah, is granted sufficient provision, and whom Allah makes content with what He has given him.” (3)

He then instructed him concerning orphans and the poor, saying:

“And as for the orphan, do not oppress him” (9).

“And as for the orphan, do not oppress him.” Mujahid said: “Do not belittle the orphan, for you yourself were an orphan.” Al-Farra’ and al-Zajjaj said: “Do not take advantage of his weakness to overpower him concerning his property, thereby depriving him of his due.” (4) This was how the Arabs used to deal with orphans: they would take their wealth and wrong them by withholding their rights.

Abu Bakr Muhammad ‘Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawbah informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith informed us; Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub al-Kisa’i informed us; [‘Abd Allah] (5) ibn Mahmud informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Khallal informed us; ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us from Sa‘id ibn Abi Ayyub, from Yahya [ibn] (6) Sulayman, from Yazid ibn Abi ‘Attab, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said: “The best house among the Muslims is a house in which an orphan is treated kindly, and the worst house among the Muslims is a house in which an orphan is treated badly.” Then, gesturing with his two fingers, he said: “I and the one who cares for an orphan [will be in Paradise] (7)

(1) Narrated by Abd al-Razzaq in his recension of the Sahifah of Hammam ibn Munabbih, no. 62, p. 237, edited by Dr. Rifaat Fawzi; by al-Bukhari in al-Riqaq, chapter: “True Wealth Is the Wealth of the Soul,” 11/271; and by Muslim in al-Zakah, chapter: “Wealth Does Not Consist in an Abundance of Possessions,” no. 1051, 2/726. See also the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/243-244. (2) Manuscript A reads al-Zaghraghatati, while manuscript B reads al-Zafarani. The correct reading is the one given in the text. (3) Narrated by Muslim in al-Zakah, chapter on sufficiency and contentment, no. 1054, 2/730; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/245. (4) See Maʻani al-Quran by al-Farra, 3/274. (5) Manuscript A reads Abd; the correct reading is the one given in the text. (6) Omitted in manuscript B. (7) Omitted in manuscript A.

أَخْبَرَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَنِيعِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّشٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْسِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الزَّغْرَتَانِيُّ (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللَّهُ بِمَا آتَاهُ" (٣) . ثُمَّ أَوْصَاهُ بِالْيَتَامَى وَالْفُقَرَاءِ فَقَالَ: ﴿فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ (٩) ﴾ ﴿فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لَا تَحْقِرِ الْيَتِيمَ فَقَدْ كُنْتَ يَتِيمًا. وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ وَالزَّجَّاجُ: لَا تَقْهَرْهُ عَلَى مَالِهِ فَتَذْهَبَ بِحَقِّهِ لِضَعْفِهِ (٤) ، وَكَذَا كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَفْعَلُ فِي أَمْرِ الْيَتَامَى، تَأْخُذُ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَتَظْلِمُهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدٌ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا [عَبْدُ اللَّهِ] (٥) بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْخَلَّالِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي أَيْوبَ عَنْ يَحْيَى [بْنِ] (٦) سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "خَيْرُ بَيْتٍ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَيْتٌ فِيهِ يَتِيمٌ يُحْسَنُ إِلَيْهِ، وَشَرُّ بَيْتٍ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَيْتٌ فِيهِ يَتِيمٌ يُسَاءُ إِلَيْهِ"، ثُمَّ قَالَ بِأُصْبُعَيْهِ: "أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ [فِي الْجَنَّةِ] (٧)

(١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في روايته لصحيفة همام بن منبه برقم (٦٢) ص (٢٣٧) بتحقيق: د. رفعت فوزي. والبخاري في الرقاق، باب الغنى غنى النفس: ١١ / ٢٧١، ومسلم في الزكاة، باب ليس الغنى عن كثرة العرض برقم: (١٠٥١) : ٢ / ٧٢٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٤ / ٢٤٣ - ٢٤٤. (٢) في "أ" (الزغرغتاتي) وفي "ب" (الزعفراني) . والصحيح ما أثبت. (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الزكاة، باب في الكفاف والقناعة برقم: (١٠٥٤) : ٢ / ٧٣٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٤٥. (٤) انظر: معاني القرآن للفراء: ٣ / ٢٧٤. (٥) في "أ" عبد والصحيح ما أثبت. (٦) ساقط من "ب". (٧) ساقط من "أ".