Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/310)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

As for His saying, Most High: “O believers, spend from what We have provided for you before a Day comes in which there will be neither trade, nor friendship, nor intercession.” Al-Suddi said: What is meant is the obligatory zakah. Others said: What is meant is voluntary charity and spending in righteous causes. “Before a Day comes in which there will be no trade”: that is, no ransom; it is termed trade because a ransom is the purchase of one’s own soul. “Nor friendship”: that is, no friendship. “Nor intercession”: except by Allah’s permission.

Ibn Kathir, Nafiʿ, and all the reciters of Basra read these words in the accusative case; likewise in Surat Ibrahim (verse 31), “There will be neither trade therein nor intimate friendship,” and in Surat al-Tur (verse 23), “There will be neither idle talk therein nor incitement to sin.” The other reciters read all of them in the nominative case, with nunation. “And the disbelievers—they are the wrongdoers,” because they have directed worship to other than its rightful recipient.

“Allah—there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all. Neither drowsiness nor sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth. Who can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what lies before them and what lies behind them, and they encompass nothing of His knowledge except what He wills. His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth, and preserving them does not weary Him. He is the Most High, the Magnificent. (255) There is no compulsion in religion. True guidance has become distinct from error. Whoever rejects false deities and believes in Allah has grasped the firmest handhold, which will never break. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (256)”

As for His saying, Exalted is He: “Allah—there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all”: ʿAbd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Samʿan informed us; Abu Jaʿfar Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbar al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Ibn Abi Shaybah informed us; ʿAbd al-Aʿla informed us, from al-Jariri, from Abu al-Salil (1), from ʿAbd Allah ibn Rabah al-Ansari, from Ubayy ibn Kaʿb, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Abu al-Mundhir, which verse from the Book of Allah is greatest?” I replied, “Allah—there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all.” He struck my chest and said, “May this knowledge bring you joy.” Then he said, “By Him in Whose Hand is Muhammad’s soul, this verse has a tongue and two lips with which it glorifies the King at the base of the Throne.” (2)

ʿAbd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us, from Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil, who said: ʿUthman ibn al-Haytham Abu ʿAmr said: ʿAwf informed us, from Muhammad ibn Sirin, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entrusted me with guarding the zakah of Ramadan. Then someone came to me and began scooping up handfuls of food. I seized him and said, “I will certainly take you to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” He said, “I am needy, I have dependents, and I am in dire need.” So I let him go.

(1) Abu al-Sulayl was Durayb ibn Nuqayr, though Nuqayl is also reported. He was Abu al-Sulayl al-Qaysi al-Jurayri al-Basri. Ishaq ibn Mansur reported that Yahya ibn Ma'in declared him trustworthy, and Ibn Hibban included him among the reliable transmitters. See Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, 4:401. (2) Recorded by Muslim in The Prayer of Travelers and Its Shortening, no. 810, 1:156, with a different wording. It is also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:459. His statement, “May knowledge be pleasant for you,” means: may knowledge be agreeable and beneficial to you.

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ﴾ قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: أَرَادَ بِهِ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: أَرَادَ بِهِ صَدَقَةَ التَّطَوُّعِ وَالنَّفَقَةَ فِي الْخَيْرِ ﴿مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ﴾ أَيْ لَا فِدَاءَ فِيهِ، سَمَّاهُ بَيْعًا لِأَنَّ الْفِدَاءَ شِرَاءُ نَفْسِهِ ﴿وَلَا خُلَّةٌ﴾ لَا صَدَاقَةَ ﴿وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ﴾ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَنَافِعٌ وَأَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ كُلَّهَا بِالنَّصْبِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ (الْآيَةَ ٣١) "لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خِلَالٌ" وَفِي سُورَةِ الطُّورِ (الْآيَةَ ٢٣) "لَا لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلَا تَأْثِيمٌ" وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ كُلَّهَا بِالرَّفْعِ وَالتَّنْوِينِ ﴿وَالْكَافِرُونَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ لِأَنَّهُمْ وَضَعُوا الْعِبَادَةَ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهَا. ﴿اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ (٢٥٥) لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (٢٥٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَمْعَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الرَّيَانِيُّ أَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ أَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ أَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى عَنِ الْجَرِيرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي السَّلِيلِ (١) عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "أَبَا الْمُنْذِرِ أَيُّ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَعْظَمُ" قُلْتُ ﴿اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ﴾ قَالَ فَضَرَبَ فِي صَدْرِي ثُمَّ قَالَ: "لِيَهْنِكَ الْعِلْمُ" ثُمَّ قَالَ: "وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ إِنَّ لِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ تُقَدِّسُ الْمَلِكَ عِنْدَ سَاقِ الْعَرْشِ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا محمد بن وسف عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ أَبُو عَمْرٍو: أَخْبَرَنَا عَوْفٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: وَكَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِحِفْظِ زَكَاةِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَتَانِي آتٍ فَجَعَلَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ: لَأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ وَعَلَيَّ عِيَالٌ وَلِي حَاجَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ قَالَ: فَخَلَّيْتُ سبيله

(١) أبي السليل: هو ضريب بن نقيْر ويقال نقيل أبو السليل القيسي الجريري البصري، قال إسحاق بن منصور: عن يحيى بن معين: ثقة وذكره ابن حبان في الثقات: تهذيب التهذيب ج٤ - ص٤٠١. (٢) أخرجه مسلم: في صلاة المسافرين وقصرها برقم (٨١٠) ١ / ١٥٦ برواية مختلفة. والمصنف ف شرح السنة ٤ / ٤٥٩. وقوله: (ليهنك العلم) أي: ليكن العلم هنيئا لك.