Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/309)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Saʿid, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “There was no prophet among the prophets except that he was given signs through which people came to believe. What I was given, however, was a revelation which Allah Most High revealed to me; so I hope that, on the Day of Resurrection, I will have the greatest number of followers among them.” (1)

ʿAbd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Muhammad ibn Sinan informed us; Hushaym informed us (2); Sayyar informed us; Yazid al-Faqir informed us; Jabir ibn ʿAbd Allah, may Allah be pleased with him, informed us that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I have been given five things which no one before me was given: I was granted victory through awe at a month’s journey away; the earth was made for me a place of prayer and a means of purification, so wherever prayer overtakes any member of my community, let him pray; spoils of war were made lawful for me, though they had not been made lawful for anyone before me; I was granted intercession; and each prophet was sent exclusively to his own people, whereas I was sent to all mankind.” (3)

Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharaqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan ʿAli ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Taysafuni informed us; ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAli al-Kushmihanī informed us; ʿAli ibn Hujr informed us; Ismaʿil ibn Jaʿfar informed us; al-ʿAlaʾ ibn ʿAbd al-Rahman informed us, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I have been favored above the prophets in six ways: I was given concise yet comprehensive speech; I was granted victory through awe; spoils of war were made lawful for me; the earth was made for me a place of prayer and a means of purification; I was sent to all creation; and I was made the Seal of the Prophets.” (4)

As for His saying, Most High: “We gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit. Had Allah willed, those who came after them would not have fought one another”—that is, after the messengers—“after the clear proofs had come to them; but they differed: some of them believed,” remaining firm in their faith through Allah’s bounty, “and some of them disbelieved,” through His forsaking them. “Had Allah willed, they would not have fought one another”: this is repeated for emphasis. “But Allah does whatever He wills”: He grants success to whomever He wills out of grace, and forsakes whomever He wills in justice.

A man asked ʿAli ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him: “Commander of the Faithful, tell me about the divine decree.” He replied, “It is a dark path, so do not tread it.” The man repeated the question, and he said, “It is a deep sea, so do not enter it.” The man repeated the question, and he said, “It is Allah’s secret on earth, concealed from you; so do not investigate it.” (5)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-I'tisam bil-Kitab wal-Sunnah, chapter: “The saying of the Prophet: ‘I was sent with concise, comprehensive speech,’” 13/247; and in Fada'il al-Quran. Also recorded by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter: “The obligation to believe in the message of our Prophet Muhammad,” no. 239, 1/134. It is also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13/195-196. (2) Omitted in manuscript “A”; the correction is taken from the author’s Sharh al-Sunnah. The manuscript reads Yasar in place of Sayyar. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari at the beginning of the Book of Tayammum, first chapter, 1/436; and also in the Books of Prayer, Jihad, the Beginning of Creation, and the Prophets. Muslim also recorded it in the Book of Mosques, no. 521, 1/370-371. It is also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13/196. (4) Recorded by Muslim in the Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer, no. 523, 1/371. Another version reads: “I was sent with concise, comprehensive speech.” It is also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13/197. (5) Reported by al-Ajurri in al-Shari'ah, p. 202, and by al-Lalaka'i in Sharh Usul al-I'tiqad, 4/629.

سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ مَا آمَنَ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ الْبَشَرُ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الَّذِي أُوتِيتُهُ وَحْيًا أَوْحَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيَّ فَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَكْثَرَهُمْ تَابِعًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا (٢) هُشَيْمٌ، أَنَا سَيَّارٌ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ الْفَقِيرُ، أَنَا جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ﵄، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لم يعطهن أحد قَبْلِي: نُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ مَسِيرَةَ شَهْرٍ، وَجُعِلَتْ لِي الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا، فَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيُصَلِّ، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِي الْغَنَائِمُ وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، وَأُعْطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّةً" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ، أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَا الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "فُضِّلْتُ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِسِتٍّ: أُوتِيتُ جَوَامِعَ الْكَلِمِ، وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِي الْغَنَائِمُ، وَجُعِلَتْ لِي الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا وَأُرْسِلْتُ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ كَافَّةً، وَخُتِمَ بِي النَّبِيُّونَ" (٤) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الرُّسُلِ ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ﴾ ثَبَتَ عَلَى إِيمَانِهِ بِفَضْلِ اللَّهِ ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ﴾ بِخُذْلَانِهِ ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا﴾ أَعَادَهُ تَأْكِيدًا ﴿وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ﴾ يُوَفِّقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ فَضْلًا وَيَخْذُلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ عَدْلًا. سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْقَدَرِ؟ فَقَالَ: طَرِيقٌ مُظْلِمٌ لَا تَسْلُكْهُ، فَأَعَادَ السُّؤَالَ فَقَالَ: بَحْرٌ عَمِيقٌ فَلَا تَلُجْهُ، فَأَعَادَ السُّؤَالَ، فَقَالَ: سِرُّ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَدْ خَفِيَ عَلَيْكَ فَلَا تُفَتِّشْهُ (٥) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري: في الاعتصام بالكتاب والسنة - باب: قول النبي ﷺ بعثت بجوامع الكلم ١٣ / ٢٤٧ وفي فضائل القرآن. ومسلم: في الإيمان - باب: وجوب الإيمان برسالة نبينا محمد ﷺ برقم (٢٣٩) ١ / ١٣٤. والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٣ / ١٩٥-١٩٦. (٢) ساقط من "أ" والتصحيح من شرح السنة للمصنف، وفي المخطوط يسار بدلا من سيار. (٣) أخرجه البخاري: في أول كتاب التيمم - الباب الأول ١ / ٤٣٦ وفي كتاب الصلاة وفي الجهاد وفي بدء الخلق والأنبياء ومسلم: في المساجد برقم (٥٢١) ١ / ٣٧٠-٣٧١ والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٣ / ١٩٦. (٤) أخرجه مسلم: في المساجد ومواضع الصلاة برقم (٥٢٣) ١ / ٣٧١ وفي رواية أخرى بعثت بجوامع الكلم. والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٣ / ١٩٧. (٥) رواه الآجري في الشريعة ص (٢٠٢) واللالكائي في شرح أصول الاعتقاد: ٤ / ٦٢٩.