Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/382)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is narrated from Ibn Umar: “The witness is Friday, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Sacrifice.” (1) (2)

Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: “The witness is the Day of Tarwiyah, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Arafah.”

Yusuf ibn Mihran narrated from Ibn Abbas, who said: “The witness is Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Resurrection.” He then recited: “So how will it be when We bring from every community a witness, and bring you, O Muhammad, as a witness against these people?” (al-Nisa 4:41). He said: “That is a Day for which people will be gathered; that is a Day witnessed.” Abd al-Aziz ibn Yahya said: “The witness is Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and that which is witnessed is Allah, the Exalted.” Its indication is His saying: “And bring you, O Muhammad, as a witness against these people.”

Ibn Abi Najih narrated from Mujahid, who said: “The witness is Adam, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Resurrection.”

Ikrimah said: “The witness is the human being, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Resurrection.” It is also reported from him that the witness is the angel who bears witness against the son of Adam, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Resurrection. He recited: “Every soul will come, accompanied by a driver and a witness” (Qaf 50:21), and: “That is a Day which will be witnessed” (Hud 11:103). It was also said: the witnesses are the recording angels, and that which is witnessed is the children of Adam. Ata ibn Yasar said: “The witness is Adam and his progeny, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Resurrection.”

Al-Walibi narrated from Ibn Abbas: “The witness is Allah, the Exalted, and that which is witnessed is the Day of Resurrection.”

Al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl said: “The witness is this community, and that which is witnessed is all other communities.” Its indication is: “Thus We have made you a just community, that you may be witnesses over mankind” (al-Baqarah 2:143).

Salim ibn Abd Allah said: “I asked Sa'id ibn Jubayr about His saying, ‘And by the witness and that which is witnessed.’ He replied: ‘The witness is Allah, and that which is witnessed is us.’” Its indication is: “Allah is sufficient as a Witness” (al-Nisa 4:79). It was also said: the witness is the limbs of the children of Adam, and that which is witnessed is the son of Adam. Its indication is: “On the Day when their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them” (al-Nur 24:24). And it was said:

(1) The text in parentheses is omitted from manuscript A. The report was cited by the author of Zad al-Masir, 9:71. Manuscript B reads: “Arafah.” (2) Narrated by al-Tabari, 30:130, from Ibn Abbas; its chain includes Ali ibn Zayd. He also narrated it from al-Hasan ibn Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, in the same place. It was also narrated by al-Nasai in al-Tafsir, 2:514. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 7:136: “Al-Bazzar narrated it, and its narrators are trustworthy.” Al-Tabari stated, giving preference to the following view, 30:131: “The sound position, in our view, is to say that Allah swore by a witness that witnessed and by something witnessed, without informing us, in swearing by them, which witness and which witnessed thing He intended. All the interpretations we have mentioned from the scholars are among those to which the description ‘witness and witnessed’ may properly apply.” (3) The text in parentheses is omitted from manuscript A.

وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: "الشَّاهِدُ" يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، "وَالْمَشْهُودُ" يَوْمُ [النَّحْرِ] (١) (٢) قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: "الشَّاهِدُ" يَوْمُ التَّرْوِيَةِ، "وَالْمَشْهُودُ" يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ. وَرَوَى يُوسُفُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: "الشَّاهِدُ" مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ وَ"الْمَشْهُودُ": يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ، ثُمَّ تَلَا "فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا" (النِّسَاءِ-٤١) ، وَقَالَ: ذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَجْمُوعٌ لَهُ النَّاسُ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى: "الشَّاهِدُ": مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ، وَ"الْمَشْهُودُ": اللَّهُ ﷿، بَيَانُهُ: قَوْلُهُ "وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا". وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي نُجَيْحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: "الشَّاهِدُ" آدَمُ، وَ"الْمَشْهُودُ" يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ "الشَّاهِدُ" الْإِنْسَانُ وَ"الْمَشْهُودُ" يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا: الشَّاهِدُ الْمَلَكُ يَشْهَدُ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ، وَالْمَشْهُودُ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَتَلَا "وَجَاءَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ" (ق-٢١) و"وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ" (هُودٍ-١٠٣) وَقِيلَ: الشَّاهِدُ [الْحَفَظَةُ وَالْمَشْهُودُ بَنُو آدَمَ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ: الشَّاهِدُ] (٣) آدَمُ وَذُرِّيَّتُهُ، وَالْمَشْهُودُ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَرَوَى الْوَالِبِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: الشَّاهِدُ هُوَ اللَّهُ ﷿ وَالْمَشْهُودُ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ: الشَّاهِدُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ وَالْمَشْهُودُ سَائِرُ الْأُمَمِ. بَيَانُهُ: "وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ" (الْبَقَرَةِ-١٤٣) . وَقَالَ سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: سَأَلَتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: "وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ" فَقَالَ: الشَّاهِدُ هُوَ اللَّهُ وَالْمَشْهُودُ: نَحْنُ، بَيَانُهُ: "وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا" (النِّسَاءِ-٧٩) وَقِيلَ: الشَّاهِدُ أَعْضَاءُ بَنِي آدَمَ، وَالْمَشْهُودُ ابْنُ آدَمَ، بَيَانُهُ: "يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ" الْآيَةَ (النُّورِ-٢٤) وَقِيلَ:

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ" والأثر ذكره صاحب زاد المسير: ٩ / ٧١. وفي "ب" عرفة. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٣٠ / ١٣٠ عن ابن عباس، وفيه علي بن زيد. ورواه أيضا عن الحسن بن علي ﵁، في الموضع نفسه. وأخرجه النسائي في التفسير: ٢ / ٥١٤. قال الهيثمي في المجمع: ٧ / ١٣٦: "رواه البزار ورجاله ثقات". قال الطبري مرجحا: ٣٠ / ١٣١: "والصواب من القول في ذلك عندنا أن يقال: إن الله أقسم بشاهد شهد، ومشهود شهد، ولم يخبرنا مع إقسامه بذلك أي شاهد وأي مشهود أراد، وكل الذي ذكرنا أن العلماء قالوا: هو المعني مما يستحق أن يقال له (شاهد ومشهود) . (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".