Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/378)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Buruj is Meccan. (1)

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate.

“By the sky filled with great constellations, (1) by the Promised Day, (2) and by the witness and that which is witnessed: (3)”

“By the sky filled with great constellations, and by the Promised Day”: this is the Day of Resurrection.

“And by the witness and that which is witnessed”: Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Sam'an informed us; Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh narrated to us; Abd Allah ibn Musa ibn Ubaydah narrated to us, from Ayyub ibn Khalid, from Abd Allah ibn Rafi', from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The Promised Day is the Day of Resurrection; that which is witnessed is the Day of Arafah; and the witness is Friday. No sun has risen or set upon a day better than Friday. In it is an hour such that no believing servant coincides with it, asking Allah for some good, except that Allah answers him; or seeking refuge with Him (2) from some evil, except that He protects him from it.” (3) This was also the view of Ibn Abbas.

Most held that the witness is Friday and that which is witnessed is the Day of Sacrifice.

(1) Ibn al-Durays, al-Nahhas, al-Bayhaqi, and Ibn Mardawayh narrated from Ibn Abbas that Surah al-Buruj was revealed in Mecca. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:461. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in Commentary on Surah al-Buruj, 9:258. He said: “We know this hadith only through the narration of Musa ibn Ubaydah. Musa ibn Ubaydah is considered weak in hadith; Yahya ibn Ma'in declared him weak because of his poor retention.” Also narrated by al-Tabari, 30:128. Ibn Kathir cited it in his Tafsir, 4:492, and said: “Ibn Khuzaymah narrated this hadith through several chains from Musa ibn Ubaydah al-Rabadhi, who is weak in hadith. It has also been narrated as a mawquf report, stopping at Abu Hurayrah, which is more likely.” The author also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:204.

سُورَةُ الْبُرُوجِ مَكِّيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ (١) وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ (٢) وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ (٣) ﴾ ﴿وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ﴾ هُوَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. ﴿وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الرَّيَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَيْوبَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "الْيَوْمُ الْمَوْعُودُ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَالْمَشْهُودُ يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ، وَالشَّاهِدُ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ، مَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسٌ وَلَا غَرَبَتْ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، فِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ يَدْعُو اللَّهَ فِيهَا خَيْرًا إِلَّا اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ لَهُ، أَوْ يَسْتَعِيذُ [بِهِ] (٢) مِنْ شَرٍّ إِلَّا أَعَاذَهُ مِنْهُ" (٣) ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَالْأَكْثَرُونَ: أَنَّ الشَّاهِدَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ وَالْمَشْهُودُ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ.

(١) أخرج ابن الضريس والنحاس والبيهقي وابن مردويه عن ابن عباس قال: نزلت (والسماء ذات البروج) بمكة. انظر الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٤٦١. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في التفسير، تفسير سورة البروج: ٩ / ٢٥٨ وقال: "هذا حديث لا نعرفه إلا من حديث موسى بن عبيدة، وموسى بن عبيدة يضعف في الحديث، ضعفه يحيى بن معين من قبل حفظه" والطبري: ٣٠ / ١٢٨. وذكره ابن كثير في التفسير: ٤ / ٤٩٢، وقال: "هكذا روى هذا الحديث ابن خزيمة من طرق عن موسى بن عبيدة الربذي وهو ضعيف الحديث. وقد روي موقوفا على أبي هريرة وهو أشبه" وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٠٤.