Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/374)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“O man, you are surely striving toward your Lord with great exertion, and you will meet Him. As for him who is given his record in his right hand, he will have an easy reckoning, and will return to his people rejoicing. But as for him who is given his record behind his back, he will cry out for destruction and will burn in a Blazing Fire.”

The meaning of His words, “you are surely striving toward your Lord with great exertion,” is: you are laboring toward Him through your deeds. Striving is a person’s work and exertion in a matter, whether good or evil, until it leaves its mark upon him. Qatadah, al-Kalbi, and al-Dahhak said: You are working deeds for your Lord, “and you will meet Him”—that is, you will meet the recompense for your deeds, whether good or evil.

“As for him who is given his record”—the register of his deeds (1)—“in his right hand, he will have an easy reckoning.” Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Sa'id ibn Abi Maryam narrated to us; Nafi' ibn Umar narrated to me that Ibn Abi Mulaykah told me that Aishah, the wife of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would not hear anything she did not recognize without asking about it until she understood it. She said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Whoever is called to account will be punished.” Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: I asked, “Messenger of Allah, does Allah not say, ‘He will have an easy reckoning’?” He replied, “That is only the presentation of deeds; but whoever is scrutinized in the reckoning will perish.” (2) (3)

“And will return to his people,” meaning, in Paradise, to the wide-eyed maidens and the women of humankind, “rejoicing” ⦗188/a⦘ because of the goodness and honor bestowed upon him.

“But as for him who is given his record behind his back”: his right hand will be shackled to his neck, and his left hand will be placed behind his back; then he will be given his record in his left hand from behind his back. Mujahid said: His left hand will be wrenched out from behind his back.

“He will cry out for destruction”: when he reads his record, he will call out for woe and ruin, saying, “Woe is me! O destruction!” As Allah the Exalted says: “There they will cry out for destruction.” (al-Furqan 25:13)

“And will burn in a Blazing Fire.” Abu Ja'far, the people of Basra, Asim, and Hamzah recited it as yaṣlā (he will burn), with a fatḥah on the yā’.

(1) In manuscript B: “his deed.” (2) In manuscript B: “the reckoning will destroy him.” (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Ilm (The Book of Knowledge), chapter: “Whoever hears something and reviews it until he understands it,” 1/196-197; and in his commentary on Surah al-Inshiqaq and in Kitab al-Riqaq. Muslim also recorded it in Kitab al-Jannah wa Sifat Na'imiha (The Book of Paradise and the Description of Its Bliss), chapter: “Affirming the Reckoning,” no. 2876, 4/2204; as did the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15/131.

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ (٦) فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ (٧) فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا (٨) وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا (٩) وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ (١٠) فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا (١١) وَيَصْلَى سَعِيرًا (١٢) ﴾ وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿كَادِحٌ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا﴾ أَيْ سَاعٍ إِلَيْهِ فِي عَمَلِكَ، وَالْكَدْحُ: عَمَلُ الْإِنْسَانِ وَجُهْدُهُ فِي الْأَمْرِ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ حَتَّى يَكْدَحَ ذَلِكَ فِيهِ، أَيْ يُؤَثِّرَ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: عَامِلٌ لِرَبِّكَ عَمَلًا ﴿فَمُلَاقِيهِ﴾ أَيْ مُلَاقِي جَزَاءَ عَمَلِكَ خَيْرًا كَانَ أَوْ شَرًّا. ﴿فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ﴾ دِيوَانَ [أَعْمَالِهِ] (١) ﴿بِيَمِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَتْ لَا تَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا لَا تَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا رَاجَعَتْ فِيهِ حَتَّى تَعْرِفَهُ، قَالَتْ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَنْ حُوسِبَ عُذِّبَ" قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رسول الله أو ليس يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿: "فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا"؟ قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ: "إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ الْعَرْضُ، وَلَكِنْ مَنْ نُوقِشَ [فِي الْحِسَابِ هَلَكَ] (٢) (٣) . ﴿وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ والآدميات ﴿مَسْرُورًا﴾ ١٨٨/أبِمَا أُوتِيَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالْكَرَامَةِ. ﴿وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ﴾ فَتُغَلُّ يَدُهُ الْيُمْنَى إِلَى عُنُقِهِ وَتُجْعَلُ يَدُهُ الشِّمَالُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ، فَيُؤْتَى كِتَابَهُ بِشَمَالِهِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ظَهْرِهِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: تُخْلَعُ يَدُهُ الْيُسْرَى مِنْ وَرَاءِ ظَهْرِهِ. ﴿فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا﴾ يُنَادِي بِالْوَيْلِ وَالْهَلَاكِ إِذَا قَرَأَ كِتَابَهُ يَقُولُ: يَا وَيْلَاهُ يَا ثُبُورَاهُ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "دَعَوْا هُنَالِكَ ثُبُورًا" (الْفُرْقَانِ-١٣) . ﴿وَيَصْلَى سَعِيرًا﴾ قَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، وَأَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَعَاصِمٌ، وَحَمْزَةُ: وَ"يَصْلَى" بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ

(١) في "ب" عمله. (٢) في "ب" الحساب يهلك. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في العلم، باب من سمع شيئا فراجع حتى يعرفه: ١ / ١٩٦-١٩٧ وفي تفسير سورة الانشقاق، وفي الرقاق. ومسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها، باب إثبات الحساب برقم: (٢٨٧٦) ٤ / ٢٢٠٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ١٣١.