Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/358)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

with the mīm in the nominative, referring back to the first occurrence of “the Day.” The others recited it in the accusative, meaning: on a Day—that is, these matters will occur on a Day when “no soul will avail another soul in any way.”

Muqatil said: that is, no soul will provide a disbelieving soul with any benefit whatsoever.

“And all authority on that Day belongs to Allah”: Allah will not grant anyone possession of anything on that Day, as He granted them possession in this world.

Surah al-Mutaffifin (Those Who Give Less than Due) is Madinan. (1)

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

“Woe to those who give less than due.” (1)

“Woe to those who give less than due”: that is, those who diminish the measure and the weight, depriving people of their rights. Al-Zajjaj said: One who gives less in measure and weight is called a mutaffif because he generally steals only a slight, insignificant amount in measuring and weighing.

Abu Bakr Yaqub ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sayrafi informed us; Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Makhladi narrated to us; Abu Hamid Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Hafiz informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Bishr narrated to us; Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Waqid narrated to me; my father narrated to me; Yazid al-Nahwi narrated to me that Ikrimah related to him from Ibn Abbas, who said: When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, arrived in Medina, its people were among the worst of people in giving measure. So Allah, exalted is He, revealed, “Woe to those who give less than due,” and thereafter they gave full measure. (2)

Al-Suddi said: When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, arrived in Medina, there was a man there called Abu Juhaynah who possessed two sa' measures: he used one to measure out for others and the other to receive measure for himself. So Allah revealed this verse. (3)

(1) Al-Nahhas and Ibn Mardawayh narrated from Ibn Abbas that Surah al-Mutaffifin was revealed in Mecca. Ibn Mardawayh also narrated the same from Ibn al-Zubayr. Ibn al-Durays narrated from Ibn Abbas: “The last surah revealed in Mecca was Surah al-Mutaffifin.” Ibn Mardawayh and al-Bayhaqi, in al-Dala'il, narrated from Ibn Abbas: “The first revelation in Medina was: ‘Woe to those who give less [in measure and weight].’” See: al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:441. (2) Recorded by al-Nasai, al-Tafsir, 2:502; Ibn Majah, al-Tijarat, chapter on exercising caution regarding measure and weight, no. 2223, 2:748; al-Tabari, 30:91; and al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 520. It was authenticated by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 2:33, and al-Dhahabi concurred. It was also recorded by Ibn Hibban in Mawarid al-Zaman, no. 1770, p. 438. See also: al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:441, which additionally attributes it to al-Tabarani, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Shuab. See also: al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 182; al-Sahih al-Musnad min Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 170. (3) See: al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 521; Majma al-Zawa'id, 7:135.

بِرَفْعِ الْمِيمِ رَدًّا عَلَى الْيَوْمِ الْأَوَّلِ وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِنَصْبِهَا أَيْ: فِي يَوْمٍ يَعْنِي: هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءَ فِي يَوْمٍ لَا تَمْلِكُ ﴿نَفْسٌ لِنَفْسٍ شَيْئًا﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي لِنَفْسٍ كَافِرَةٍ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ ﴿وَالْأَمْرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلَّهِ﴾ أَيْ لَمْ يُمَلِّكِ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَحَدًا شَيْئًا كَمَا مَلَّكَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا. سُورَةُ الْمُطَفِّفِينَ مَدَنِيَّةٌ (١) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ (١) ﴾ ﴿وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي الَّذِينَ يَنْقُصُونَ الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ وَيَبْخَسُونَ حُقُوقَ النَّاسِ. قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: إِنَّمَا قِيلَ لِلَّذِي يَنْقُصُ الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ: مُطَفِّفٌ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَكَادُ يَسْرِقُ فِي الْمِكْيَالِ وَالْمِيزَانِ إِلَّا الشَّيْءَ الْيَسِيرَ الطَّفِيفَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلِيِّ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَخْلَدِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْحَافِظُ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ النَّحْوِيُّ أَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ كَانُوا مِنْ أَخْبَثِ النَّاسِ كَيْلًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ" فَأَحْسَنُوا الْكَيْلَ (٢) . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَبِهَا رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: أَبُو جُهَيْنَةَ وَمَعَهُ صَاعَانِ يَكِيلُ بِأَحَدِهِمَا وَيَكْتَالُ بِالْآخَرِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٣) .

(١) أخرج النحاس وابن مردويه عن ابن عباس قال: نزلت سورة المطففين بمكة وأخرج ابن مردويه عن ابن الزبير مثله. وأخرج ابن الضريس عن ابن عباس قال: آخر ما أنزل بمكة سورة المطففين. وأخرج ابن مردويه والبيهقي في "الدلائل" عن ابن عباس قال: أول ما نزل بالمدينة: "ويل للمطففين". انظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٤٤١. (٢) أخرجه النسائي في التفسير: ٢ / ٥٠٢، وابن ماجه في التجارات، باب التوقي في الكيل والوزن برقم: (٢٢٢٣) : ٢ / ٧٤٨، والطبري: ٣٠ / ٩١، والواحدي في أسباب النزول صفحة: (٥٢٠) وصححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٣٣ ووافقه الذهبي، وابن حبان في موارد الظمآن برقم: (١٧٧٠) صفحة (٤٣٨) . وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٤٤١، وقد زاد عزوه للطبراني وابن مردويه والبيهقي في "الشعب". وانظر: الكافي الشاف صفحة: (١٨٢) الصحيح المسند من أسباب النزول صفحة (١٧٠) . (٣) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٥٢١) مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٣٥.