Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/330)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

into seven heavens; then after that He spread out the earth.

It was also said that it means: He spread out the earth along with that, as in His saying, “Harsh, and moreover of illegitimate birth” (al-Qalam 13)—that is, along with that.

“He brought forth from it its water and its pasture (31), and He firmly set the mountains (32), as provision for you and for your grazing livestock (33). Then, when the Great Overwhelming Calamity comes (34)—the Day when man will remember what he strove for (35), and Hellfire is laid bare for all to see (36)—as for whoever transgressed (37) and preferred the life of this world (38), Hellfire will be his refuge (39). But as for whoever feared standing before his Lord and restrained the soul from vain desire (40), Paradise will be his refuge (41). They ask you about the Hour: when will it come to rest? (42) What knowledge do you have to mention it? (43) Its final knowledge rests with your Lord” (44).

“He brought forth from it its water and its pasture, and He firmly set the mountains, as provision for you and for your grazing livestock. Then, when the Great Overwhelming Calamity comes”: this refers to the second blast, at which the resurrection takes place and the Hour is established. The Resurrection is called the “Overwhelming Calamity” because it overwhelms every terrifying event: it rises above them and engulfs all else. In Arabic usage, an overwhelming calamity is an insurmountable disaster.

“The Day when man will remember what he strove for”: that is, the good and evil he did in this world. “And Hellfire is laid bare for all to see”: Muqatil said, “Its covering will be removed, and all creatures will look upon it.”

“As for whoever transgressed”: in his disbelief. “And preferred the life of this world”: over the Hereafter. “Hellfire will be his refuge. But as for whoever feared standing before his Lord and restrained the soul from vain desire”: that is, from the forbidden things it craves. Muqatil said: This is the man who contemplates committing a sin, but then remembers that he will stand for reckoning, and so abandons it. “Paradise will be his refuge. They ask you about the Hour: when will it come to rest?” That is, when will it appear and become established? “What knowledge do you have to mention it?” You possess no knowledge of it and cannot speak of it; that is, you do not know it. “Its final knowledge rests with your Lord”: that is, knowledge of it ultimately belongs to Allah.

سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ، ثُمَّ دَحَا الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ: وَالْأَرْضَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ دَحَاهَا، كَقَوْلِهِ ﷿: "عُتُلٍّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ زَنِيمٍ" (الْقَلَمِ-١٣) أَيْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ. ﴿أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَاءَهَا وَمَرْعَاهَا (٣١) وَالْجِبَالَ أَرْسَاهَا (٣٢) مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ (٣٣) فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الطَّامَّةُ الْكُبْرَى (٣٤) يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ مَا سَعَى (٣٥) وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِمَنْ يَرَى (٣٦) فَأَمَّا مَنْ طَغَى (٣٧) وَآثَرَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا (٣٨) فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَى (٣٩) وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ وَنَهَى النَّفْسَ عَنِ الْهَوَى (٤٠) فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَى (٤١) يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ أَيْانَ مُرْسَاهَا (٤٢) فِيمَ أَنْتَ مِنْ ذِكْرَاهَا (٤٣) إِلَى رَبِّكَ مُنْتَهَاهَا (٤٤) ﴾ ﴿أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَاءَهَا وَمَرْعَاهَا وَالْجِبَالَ أَرْسَاهَا مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الطَّامَّةُ الْكُبْرَى﴾ يَعْنِي النَّفْخَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ الَّتِي فِيهَا الْبَعْثُ وَقَامَتِ الْقِيَامَةُ، وَسُمِّيَتِ الْقِيَامَةُ: "طَامَّةً" لِأَنَّهَا تَطُمُّ عَلَى كُلِّ هَائِلَةٍ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ، فَتَعْلُو فَوْقَهَا وَتَغْمُرُ مَا سِوَاهَا، وَ"الطَّامَّةُ" عِنْدَ الْعَرَبِ: الدَّاهِيَةُ الَّتِي لَا تُسْتَطَاعُ. ﴿يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ مَا سَعَى﴾ مَا عَمِلَ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَشَرٍّ. ﴿وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِمَنْ يَرَى﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ يُكْشَفُ عَنْهَا الْغِطَاءُ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا الْخَلْقُ. ﴿فَأَمَّا مَنْ طَغَى﴾ فِي كُفْرِهِ. ﴿وَآثَرَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا﴾ عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ. ﴿فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَى وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ وَنَهَى النَّفْسَ عَنِ الْهَوَى﴾ عَنِ الْمَحَارِمِ الَّتِي تَشْتَهِيهَا، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَهُمُّ بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ فَيَذْكُرُ مَقَامَهُ لِلْحِسَابِ فَيَتْرُكُهَا. ﴿فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَى يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ أَيْانَ مُرْسَاهَا﴾ مَتَى ظُهُورُهَا وَثُبُوتُهَا. ﴿فِيمَ أَنْتَ مِنْ ذِكْرَاهَا﴾ لَسْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهَا وَذِكْرِهَا، أَيْ لَا تَعْلَمُهَا. ﴿إِلَى رَبِّكَ مُنْتَهَاهَا﴾ أَيْ مُنْتَهَى عِلْمِهَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ.