Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/325)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Mujahid and Abu Salih said: They are the angels, descending swiftly from heaven, like a fine horse that is called a swimmer when it runs at speed.

It was also said: They are the horses of the raiders. Qatadah said: They are the stars, the sun, and the moon (1). Allah Most High says: “Each is swimming in an orbit” (al-Anbiya’, 33).

‘Ata’ said: They are the ships.

“By those who race ahead, racing (4), then by those who arrange matters (5).”

“By those who race ahead, racing”: Mujahid said: They are the angels who outstrip (2) the children of Adam in good and righteous deeds.

Muqatil said: They are the angels who hasten with the souls of the believers to Paradise.

Ibn Mas‘ud said: They are the souls of the believers, hastening toward the angels who take them, out of longing to meet Allah and receive His honor, having beheld joy.

Qatadah said: They are the stars, some of which outstrip others in their course. ‘Ata’ said: They are the horses (3).

“Then by those who arrange matters”: Ibn ‘Abbas said: They are the angels entrusted with matters which Allah, exalted is He, has made known to them and commanded them to carry out.

‘Abd al-Rahman (4) ibn Sabit said: Four arrange the affairs (5) of this world: Jibril, Mikail, the Angel of Death, and Israfil—peace be upon them. Jibril is entrusted with the winds and the armies; Mikail is entrusted with rain and vegetation; the Angel of Death is entrusted with taking the souls (6); and Israfil brings down the command to them.

The answer to these oaths is omitted, its implied meaning being: You shall surely be resurrected, and you shall surely be brought to account (7).

(1) Omitted from manuscript B. (2) Manuscript B reads: “preceded.” (3) For these views, see al-Tabari, 30:30-31; Zad al-Masir, 9:17; and the preceding note on al-nashitat. (4) Manuscript B reads: “Abd Allah.” The correct reading is that established from manuscript A, as found in Tahdhib al-Tahdhib. (5) Manuscript B reads: “the matter.” (6) Manuscript B reads: “the matter.” (7) See Zad al-Masir, 9:18.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ: هُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يُنَزِلُونَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مُسْرِعِينَ كَالْفَرَسِ الْجَوَادِ يُقَالُ لَهُ سَابِحٌ إِذَا أَسْرَعَ فِي جَرْيِهِ. وَقِيلَ: هِيَ خَيْلُ الْغُزَاةِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هِيَ النُّجُومُ وَالشَّمْسُ [وَالْقَمَرُ] (١) قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ" (الْأَنْبِيَاءِ-٣٣) . وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: هِيَ السُّفُنُ. ﴿فَالسَّابِقَاتِ سَبْقًا (٤) فَالْمُدَبِّرَاتِ أَمْرًا (٥) ﴾ ﴿فَالسَّابِقَاتِ سَبْقًا﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ [تَسْبِقُ] (٢) ابْنَ آدَمَ بِالْخَيْرِ وَالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: هِيَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَسْبِقُ بِأَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: هِيَ أَنْفُسُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ تَسْبِقُ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ يَقْبِضُونَهَا شَوْقًا إِلَى لِقَاءِ اللَّهِ وَكَرَامَتِهِ، وَقَدْ عَايَنَتِ السُّرُورَ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هِيَ النُّجُومُ يَسْبِقُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا فِي السَّيْرِ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: هِيَ الْخَيْلُ (٣) . ﴿فَالْمُدَبِّرَاتِ أَمْرًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وُكِّلُوا بِأُمُورٍ عَرَّفَهُمُ اللَّهُ ﷿ الْعَمَلَ بِهَا. قَالَ [عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ] (٤) بْنُ سَابِطٍ: يُدَبِّرُ [الْأُمُورَ] (٥) فِي الدُّنْيَا أَرْبَعَةٌ: جِبْرِيلُ، وَمِيكَائِيلُ، وَمَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ، وَإِسْرَافِيلُ، ﵈، أَمَّا جِبْرِيلُ: فَمُوَكَّلٌ بِالرِّيحِ وَالْجُنُودِ، وَأَمَّا مِيكَائِيلُ: فَمُوَكَّلٌ بِالْقَطْرِ وَالنَّبَاتِ، وَأَمَّا مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ: فَمُوَكَّلٌ بِقَبْضِ [الْأَرْوَاحِ] (٦) وَأَمَّا إِسْرَافِيلُ: فَهُوَ يَنْزِلُ بِالْأَمْرِ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَجَوَابُ هَذِهِ الْأَقْسَامِ مَحْذُوفٌ، عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ: لَتُبْعَثُنَّ وَلَتُحَاسَبُنَّ (٧) .

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) في "ب" سبقت. (٣) راجع في هذه الأقوال: الطبري: ٣٠ / ٣٠-٣١، زاد المسير: ٩ / ١٧، والتعليق السابق على الناشطات. (٤) في "ب" عبد الله، والصحيح ما أثبتناه من "أ" كما في "تهذيب التهذيب". (٥) في "ب" الأمر. (٦) في "ب" الأمر. (٧) انظر: زاد المسير: ٩ / ١٨.