Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/296)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Reclining therein upon raised couches, they will see therein neither sun nor bitter cold. (13) Its shade will be close over them, and its fruits will be made readily accessible to them. (14) Vessels of silver and crystal goblets will be passed around among them—crystal made of silver, precisely measured. (15–16) And they will be given to drink therefrom a cup whose mixture is ginger, (17) from a spring therein called Salsabil. (18)”

“Reclining” is in the accusative as a circumstantial qualifier. “Therein” means in Paradise. “Raised couches” are beds within curtained pavilions; a couch is not called an arikah unless both are present. “They will see therein neither sun nor bitter cold”: that is, neither summer (1) nor winter. Muqatil said: It means no sun whose heat would harm them, nor bitter cold whose chill would harm them, since both are harmful in this world. Bitter cold is intense cold.

“Its shade will be close over them”: that is, the shade of its trees will be near to them. The word “close” is in the accusative because it is coordinated with “reclining.” It has also been said that it is coordinated with the syntactic position of the words, “They will see therein neither sun nor bitter cold”—that is, they will see its shade close at hand. It has also been said that it is in the accusative as an expression of praise. “Its fruits will be made readily accessible”: that is, they will be made subservient and brought near. “Its fruits” means its produce.

“Vessels of silver and crystal goblets will be passed around among them”: They will eat its fruits standing, sitting, and reclining, taking them however they wish, in whatever state they may be. “Crystal made of silver”: The exegetes said that this refers to the whiteness of silver together with the clarity of crystal. Thus, they are made of silver with the transparency of glass, so that what is inside them can be seen from the outside.

Al-Kalbi said: Allah has made the crystal vessels of every people from the soil of their land. Since the soil of Paradise is silver, He made from it crystal vessels from which they drink. “Precisely measured”: Their cups will be measured according to the amount that quenches their thirst, neither exceeding it nor falling short. That is, the cupbearers and servants who pass around among them will measure the cups for them, and then they will be given drink.

“And they will be given to drink therefrom a cup whose mixture is ginger”: it arouses longing and brings delight. Ginger was among the things the Arabs found especially agreeable; thus Allah Most High promised them that they would be given in Paradise a cup blended with the ginger of Paradise. Muqatil said: It does not resemble the ginger of this world. Ibn Abbas said: Everything that Allah has mentioned and named in the Quran as being in Paradise has no counterpart in this world. It was also said that it is a spring in Paradise from which the flavor of ginger is found. Qatadah said: Those brought near to Allah will drink it pure, while it will be mixed for the rest of the inhabitants of Paradise (2).

“A spring therein called Salsabil”: Qatadah said: It is smooth-flowing and compliant for them; they direct it wherever they wish (3). And it was said:

(1) In manuscript B: “qaydan.” (2) Narrated by al-Tabari, 29:218. (3) Narrated by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:338, and al-Tabari, 29:218. Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:376, to Abd ibn Humayd.

﴿مُتَّكِئِينَ فِيهَا عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا (١٣) وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَالُهَا وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا تَذْلِيلًا (١٤) وَيُطَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِآنِيَةٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ كَانَتْ قَوَارِيرَ (١٥) قَوَارِيرَ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ قَدَّرُوهَا تَقْدِيرًا (١٦) وَيُسْقَوْنَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنْجَبِيلًا (١٧) عَيْنًا فِيهَا تُسَمَّى سَلْسَبِيلًا (١٨) ﴾ ﴿مُتَّكِئِينَ﴾ نُصِبَ عَلَى الْحَالِ ﴿فِيهَا﴾ فِي الْجَنَّةِ ﴿عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ﴾ السُّرُرُ فِي الْحِجَالِ، وَلَا تَكُونُ أَرِيكَةً إِلَّا إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا ﴿لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا﴾ أَيْ [صَيْفًا] (١) وَلَا شِتَاءً. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي شَمْسًا يُؤْذِيهِمْ حَرُّهَا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا يُؤْذِيهِمْ بِرْدُهُ، لِأَنَّهُمَا يُؤْذِيَانِ فِي الدُّنْيَا. وَالزَّمْهَرِيرُ: الْبَرْدُ الشَّدِيدُ. ﴿وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَالُهَا﴾ أَيْ قَرِيبَةً مِنْهُمْ ظِلَالُ أَشْجَارِهَا، وَنُصِبَ "دَانِيَةً" بِالْعَطْفِ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ "مُتَّكِئِينَ" وَقِيلَ: عَلَى مَوْضِعِ قَوْلِهِ: "لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا" وَيَرَوْنَ "دَانِيَةً" وَقِيلَ: عَلَى الْمَدْحِ ﴿وَذُلِّلَتْ﴾ سُخِّرَتْ وَقُرِّبَتْ ﴿قُطُوفُهَا﴾ ثِمَارُهَا ﴿تَذْلِيلًا وَيُطَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِآنِيَةٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ كَانَتْ قَوَارِيرَا﴾ يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَمُضْطَجِعِينَ وَيَتَنَاوَلُونَهَا كَيْفَ شَاءُوا عَلَى أَيِّ حال كانوا. ﴿قَوَارِيرَ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ﴾ قَالَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ: أَرَادَ بَيَاضَ الْفِضَّةِ فِي صَفَاءِ الْقَوَارِيرِ، فَهِيَ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ فِي صَفَاءِ الزُّجَاجِ، يَرَى مَا فِي دَاخِلِهَا مِنْ خَارِجِهَا. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ قَوَارِيرَ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ مِنْ تُرَابِ أَرْضِهِمْ، وَإِنَّ أَرْضَ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، فَجَعَلَ مِنْهَا قَوَارِيرَ يَشْرَبُونَ فِيهَا ﴿قَدَّرُوهَا تَقْدِيرًا﴾ قَدَّرُوا الْكَأْسَ عَلَى قَدْرِ رِيِّهِمْ لَا يَزِيدُ وَلَا يَنْقُصُ، أَيْ قَدَّرَهَا لَهُمُ السُّقَاةُ وَالْخَدَمُ الَّذِينَ يَطُوفُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ يُقَدِّرُونَهَا ثُمَّ يُسْقَوْنَ. ﴿وَيُسْقَوْنَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنْجَبِيلًا﴾ يُشَوِّقُ وَيُطْرِبُ، وَالزَّنْجَبِيلُ: مِمَّا كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَسْتَطِيبُهُ جِدًّا، فَوَعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُمْ يُسْقَوْنَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ الْكَأْسَ الْمَمْزُوجَةَ بِزَنْجَبِيلِ الْجَنَّةِ. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: لَا يُشْبِهُ زَنْجَبِيلَ الدُّنْيَا. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كُلُّ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِمَّا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَسَمَّاهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِثْلٌ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ عَيْنٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ يُوجَدُ مِنْهَا طَعْمُ الزَّنْجَبِيلِ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: يَشْرَبُهَا الْمُقَرَّبُونَ صِرْفًا، وَيُمْزَجُ لِسَائِرِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ (٢) . ﴿عَيْنًا فِيهَا تُسَمَّى سَلْسَبِيلًا﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: سَلِسَةٌ مُنْقَادَةٌ لَهُمْ يُصَرِّفُونَهَا حَيْثُ شَاءُوا (٣) وَقَالَ

(١) في "ب" قيضا". (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٩ / ٢١٨. (٣) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ٣٣٨، والطبري: ٢٩ / ٢١٨، وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٣٧٦ عزوه لعبد بن حميد.