Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/295)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Mujahid and Ata narrated from Ibn Abbas that it was revealed concerning Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him. He worked for a Jew in exchange for some barley, [and took the barley] (1). He ground one third of it, and they prepared some food from it to eat. When it had finished cooking, a needy person came and asked, so they gave him the food. Then they prepared the second third; when it had finished cooking, an orphan came and asked, so they fed him. Then they prepared the remaining third; when it had finished cooking, a captive from among the polytheists came and asked, so they fed him. They went hungry that day. This is also the view of al-Hasan and Qatadah: the captive was one of the polytheists. This indicates that feeding captives, even if they are polytheists, is a commendable deed for whose reward one may hope. (2)

“Indeed, we feed you only seeking the Countenance of Allah; we seek from you neither recompense nor gratitude. (9) Truly, we fear from our Lord a grim and distressful Day. (10) So Allah will protect them from the evil of that Day and grant them radiance and joy. (11) And He will reward them for their patience with Paradise and silk. (12)”

“Indeed, we feed you only seeking the Countenance of Allah; we seek from you neither recompense nor gratitude.” 181/b The word shukur, meaning gratitude, is a verbal noun, like contracting, entering, and departing. Mujahid and Said ibn Jubayr said: They did not say this aloud, but Allah knew it from their hearts and praised them for it.

“Truly, we fear from our Lord a grim Day”: on that Day, faces will frown because of its terror and severity. Frowning is attributed to the Day, just as one speaks of “a fasting day” and “a standing night.” It was also said that the Day is described as frowning because of the severity it contains. “Distressful”: Qatadah, Mujahid, and Muqatil said that qamtarir means that which draws faces and foreheads tight in a frown. Al-Kalbi said: “Grim” means devoid of any cheerfulness, while qamtarir means severe. Al-Akhfash said: qamtarir is the most severe and most prolonged of days in affliction. A day is described as qamtarir or qumatir when it is harsh and dreadful; the verb derived from it describes a day that has become intensely severe.

“So Allah will protect them from the evil of that Day,” which they fear, “and grant them radiance,” meaning beauty in their faces, “and joy,” in their hearts. “And He will reward them for their patience”: for their patience in obeying Allah and abstaining from disobeying Him. Al-Dahhak said: for their patience in poverty. Ata said: for their patience in hunger. “With Paradise and silk”: Al-Hasan said that Allah will admit them into Paradise and clothe them in silk.

(1) Omitted in manuscript B. (2) Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 180: “Al-Tha'labi narrated it through al-Qasim ibn Bahram, from Layth ibn Abi Sulaym, from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas; and through al-Kalbi, from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas... Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi said: ‘Among the hadiths that hearts find objectionable is a hadith they narrated from Ibn Abbas,’” and then cited it. He further said: “This is an embellished, fabricated hadith, which can gain acceptance only with a foolish ignoramus.” Ibn al-Jawzi also narrated it in al-Mawdu'at and said: “There is no doubt that it is fabricated.” See also al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 516. See Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah’s discussion in Minhaj al-Sunnah, 7:174-187, responding to Ibn al-Mutahhar’s use of such reports as evidence; he demonstrated its invalidity in thirteen ways. See also al-Qurtubi, Tafsir, 19:130-135.

وَرَوَى مُجَاهِدٌ وَعَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ عَمِلَ لِيَهُودِيٍّ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، [فَقَبَضَ الشَّعِيرَ] (١) فَطَحَنَ ثُلُثَهُ فَجَعَلُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا لِيَأْكُلُوهُ، فَلَمَّا تَمَّ إِنْضَاجُهُ أَتَى مِسْكِينٌ فَسَأَلَ فَأَخْرَجُوا إِلَيْهِ الطَّعَامَ، ثُمَّ عُمِلَ الثُّلُثُ الثَّانِي فَلَمَّا تَمَّ إِنْضَاجُهُ أَتَى يَتِيمٌ فَسَأَلَ فَأَطْعَمُوهُ، ثُمَّ عُمِلَ الثُّلُثُ الْبَاقِي فَلَمَّا تَمَّ إِنْضَاجُهُ أَتَى أَسِيرٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَسَأَلَ فَأَطْعَمُوهُ، وَطَوَوْا يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ وَقَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ الْأَسِيرَ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ، وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ إِطْعَامَ الْأَسَارَى، وَإِنْ كَانُوا مَنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ، حَسَنٌ يُرْجَى ثَوَابُهُ (٢) . ﴿إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُكُمْ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنْكُمْ جَزَاءً وَلَا شُكُورًا (٩) إِنَّا نَخَافُ مِنْ رَبِّنَا يَوْمًا عَبُوسًا قَمْطَرِيرًا (١٠) فَوَقَاهُمُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَلَقَّاهُمْ نَضْرَةً وَسُرُورًا (١١) وَجَزَاهُمْ بِمَا صَبَرُوا جَنَّةً وَحَرِيرًا (١٢) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُكُمْ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنْكُمْ جَزَاءً وَلا شُكُورًا﴾ ١٨١/ب وَالشُّكُورُ مَصْدَرٌ كَالْعُقُودِ وَالدُّخُولِ وَالْخُرُوجِ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: إِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمُوا بِهِ وَلَكِنْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ، فَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِمْ. ﴿إِنَّا نَخَافُ مِنْ رَبِّنَا يَوْمًا عَبُوسًا﴾ تَعْبَسُ فِيهِ الْوُجُوهُ مِنْ هَوْلِهِ وَشِدَّتِهِ، نُسِبَ الْعَبُوسُ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: يَوْمٌ صَائِمٌ وَلَيْلٌ قَائِمٌ. وَقِيلَ وُصِفَ الْيَوْمُ بِالْعَبُوسِ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ ﴿قَمْطَرِيرًا﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَمُقَاتِلٌ: "الْقَمْطَرِيرُ": الَّذِي يَقْبِضُ الْوُجُوهَ وَالْجِبَاهَ بِالتَّعْبِيسِ. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: الْعَبُوسُ الَّذِي لَا انْبِسَاطَ فِيهِ، و"الْقَمْطَرِيرُ" الشَّدِيدُ، قَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: "الْقَمْطَرِيرُ" أَشَدُّ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ وَأَطْوَلُهُ فِي الْبَلَاءِ، يُقَالُ: يَوْمٌ قَمْطَرِيرٌ وَقُمَاطِرٌ، إِذَا كَانَ شَدِيدًا كَرِيهًا، واقْمَطَرَّ الْيَوْمُ فَهُوَ مُقْمَطِرٌّ. ﴿فَوَقَاهُمُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ﴾ الَّذِي يَخَافُونَ ﴿وَلَقَّاهُمْ نَضْرَةً﴾ حُسْنًا فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ، ﴿وَسُرُورًا﴾ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ. ﴿وَجَزَاهُمْ بِمَا صَبَرُوا﴾ عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَاجْتِنَابِ مَعْصِيَتِهِ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: عَلَى الْفَقْرِ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: عَلَى الْجُوعِ. ﴿جَنَّةً وَحَرِيرًا﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَدْخَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَلْبَسَهُمُ الْحَرِيرَ.

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) قال الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف، صفحة (١٨٠) : "رواه الثعلبي من رواية القاسم بن بهرام عن ليث بن أبي سليم عن مجاهد، عن ابن عباس، ومن رواية الكلبي عن أبي صالح عن ابن عباس.. وقال الحكيم الترمذي: ومن الأحاديث التي تنكرها القلوب حديث رووه عن ابن عباس، فذكره.. ثم قال: هذا حديث مزوَّق مفتعل لا يروج إلا على أحمق جاهل. ورواه ابن الجوزي في "الموضوعات" وقال "هذا لا شك في وضعه". وانظر: الواحدي في أسباب النزول، صفحة: (٥١٦) . وراجع ما كتبه شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية ﵀ في "منهاج السنة": ٧ / ١٧٤-١٨٧ في رده على ابن المطهر في الاحتجاج بأمثال هذا، فقد بين بطلانه من ثلاثة عشر وجها. وانظر: تفسير القرطبي: ١٩ / ١٣٠-١٣٥.