Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/287)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

closeness. Allah Most High says: “Fight those disbelievers who are nearest to you” (Surah al-Tawbah [Repentance], 123).

Qatadah said: “It was related to us that, when this verse was revealed, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, seized Abu Jahl by the folds of his garment at al-Batha and said to him: ‘Woe to you, and woe again; then woe to you, and woe again.’ Abu Jahl said, ‘Are you threatening me, Muhammad? By Allah, neither you nor your Lord can do anything to me! I am surely the mightiest of those who walk between its two mountains!’ But when the day of Badr came, Allah brought him down in the most dreadful manner and had him killed in the worst way.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to say: “Every nation has a Pharaoh, and indeed (1) the Pharaoh of this nation is Abu Jahl.” (2)

“Does man think that he will be left neglected? (36) Was he not a drop of semen emitted? (37) Then he became a clinging clot, and He created and proportioned him. (38) Then He made from him the two sexes, male and female. (39) Is not He who did that able to bring the dead to life?” (40)

“Does man think that he will be left neglected?” That is, left unattended, neither commanded nor forbidden. Al-Suddi said: It means neglected. Camels are described as neglected when they graze wherever they wish without a herdsman.

“Was he not a drop of semen emitted?” That is, poured into the womb. Hafs, on the authority of Asim, recited it with an initial yā’, and this was also the recitation of al-Hasan. The others recited it with an initial tā’, in agreement with the feminine noun “drop.”

“Then he became a clinging clot, and He created and proportioned him”: He placed the soul within him and perfected his form.

“Then He made from him the two sexes, male and female”: from his fluid, He created male and female offspring.

“Is not He who did that able to bring the dead to life?”

Abu Tahir Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Qashani informed us; Abu Amr al-Qasim ibn Jafar al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Umar al-Lului informed us; Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Ashath narrated to us; Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Zuhri narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us; Ismail ibn Umayyah related to me, saying: “I heard a Bedouin say, ‘I heard Abu Hurayrah say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever among you recites “By the fig and the olive” and reaches its end, “Is not Allah the most just of judges?” (Surah al-Tin [The Fig], 8), let him say: “Yes indeed, and I am among those who bear witness to that.” Whoever recites “I swear by the Day of Resurrection” and reaches “Is not He able to bring the dead to life?” let him say: “Yes indeed.” And whoever recites “By those sent forth” and reaches “Then in what statement after this will they believe?” let him say: “We believe in Allah.”’” (3)

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) Cited by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:335, in a disconnected report. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:363, to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. (3) Recorded by Abu Dawud, al-Salah, chapter on the extent of bowing and prostration, 1:423; Ahmad, 2:249; al-Hakim, 2:510, who authenticated it, with al-Dhahabi concurring; al-Bayhaqi, al-Sunan, 2:310; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:104-105. Al-Tirmidhi also recorded it in abridged form in al-Tafsir, 9:276-277, and said: “This hadith is only narrated through this chain, from this Bedouin from Abu Hurayrah, and he is not named.” Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:364, to Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Mardawayh. Al-Albani said in his commentary on al-Mishkat, 1:272: “Its chain is weak, since Ibn al-A'rabi is unnamed.”

الْقُرْبُ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ" (التَّوْبَةُ-١٢٣) . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ أَخَذَ بِمَجَامِعِ ثَوْبِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ وَقَالَ لَهُ: "أَوْلَى لَكَ فَأَوْلَى ثُمَّ أَوْلَى لَكَ فَأَوْلَى" فَقَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: أَتُوعِدُنِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ؟ وَاللَّهِ مَا تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْتَ وَلَا رَبُّكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَا بِي شَيْئًا، وَإِنِّي لَأَعَزُّ مَنْ مَشَى بَيْنَ جَبَلَيْهَا! فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ صَرَعَهُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ مَصْرَعٍ، وَقَتَلَهُ أَسْوَأَ قِتْلَةٍ. وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ فِرْعَوْنًا [وَإِنَّ] (١) فِرْعَوْنَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَبُو جَهْلٍ (٢) . ﴿أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ سُدًى (٣٦) أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِنْ مَنِيٍّ يُمْنَى (٣٧) ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّى (٣٨) فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى (٣٩) أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى (٤٠) ﴾ ﴿أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ سُدًى﴾ هَمَلًا لَا يُؤْمَرُ وَلَا يُنْهَى، وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: مَعْنَاهُ الْمُهْمَلُ وَإِبِلٌ سُدًى إِذَا كَانَتْ تَرْعَى حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ بِلَا رَاعٍ. ﴿أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِنْ مَنِيٍّ يُمْنَى﴾ تُصَبُّ فِي الرَّحِمِ، قَرَأَ حَفْصٌ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ "يُمَنَّى" بِالْيَاءِ، وَهِيَ قِرَاءَةُ الْحَسَنِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّاءِ، لِأَجْلِ النُّطْفَةِ. ﴿ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّى﴾ فَجَعَلَ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ فَسَوَّى خَلْقَهُ. ﴿فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى﴾ خَلَقَ مِنْ مَائِهِ أَوْلَادًا ذُكُورًا وَإِنَاثًا. ﴿أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ﴾ الَّذِي فَعَلَ هَذَا ﴿بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْقَاشَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بن عمر اللؤلؤي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَشْعَثَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمِّيَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَعْرَابِيًّا يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ قَرَأَ مِنْكُمْ وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ فَانْتَهَى إِلَى آخِرِهَا: "أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ" (التِّينِ-٨) فَلْيَقُلْ: بَلَى، وَأَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَ: "لَا أُقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ" فَانْتَهَى إِلَى "أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى" فَلْيَقُلْ: بَلَى، وَمَنْ قَرَأَ: "وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ" فَبَلَغَ "فَبِأَيِّ حَدِيثٍ بَعْدَهُ يُؤْمِنُونَ" فَلْيَقُلْ: "آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ" (٣) .

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) ذكره عبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ٣٣٥ بلاغا وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٣٦٣ أيضا لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة، باب مقدار الركوع والسجود: ١ / ٤٢٣، والإمام أحمد: ٢ / ٢٤٩، وصححه الحاكم: ٢ / ٥١٠، ووافقه الذهبي، والبيهقي في سننه: ٢ / ٣١٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ١٠٤-١٠٥ وأخرجه الترمذي مختصرا في التفسير: ٩ / ٢٧٦-٢٧٧ وقال: "هذا حديث إنما يروى بهذا الإسناد عن هذا الأعرابي عن أبي هريرة ولا يسمى". وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٣٦٤ أيضا لابن المنذر وابن مردويه. وقال الألباني في تعليقه على المشكاة: ١ / ٢٧٢ "وإسناده ضعيف فيه ابن الأعرابي لم يسم".