Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/267)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And sons ever-present, and I made life easy and smooth for him. Yet he still hopes that I shall give him more. No indeed! He has been stubbornly opposed to Our signs. I shall burden him with a gruelling ascent.”

“And sons ever-present”: that is, sons who remained with him in Mecca and did not leave his side. They were ten, according to Mujahid and Qatadah. Muqatil said: They were seven: al-Walid ibn al-Walid, Khalid, ‘Imarah, Hisham, al-‘As, Qays, and ‘Abd Shams. Three of them (1) accepted Islam: Khalid, Hisham, and ‘Imarah (2).

“And I made life easy and smooth for him”: that is, I granted him ample ease in his livelihood and a long life. Al-Kalbi said: It means wealth, laid one portion upon another, just as bedding is spread out.

“Yet he still hopes”: that is, he expects “that I shall give him more”—more wealth, children, and ease.

“No indeed!”: I shall not do so, nor shall I give him more. They said: After this verse was revealed, al-Walid continued to suffer losses in his wealth and children until he perished.

“He has been stubbornly opposed to Our signs”: that is, he was obstinately defiant.

“I shall burden him with a gruelling ascent”: I shall impose upon him a form of punishment involving hardship in which there is no relief for him.

It has been narrated to us from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The ascent is a mountain of fire which the disbeliever climbs for seventy years, then falls down.” (4)

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; Ibn Fanjawayh informed me; ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab narrated to us; ‘Abdullah ibn al-Fadl narrated to us; Minjab ibn al-Harith informed us; Sharik informed us, from ‘Ammar al-Duhni, from ‘Atiyyah, from Abu Sa‘id, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, concerning His words, “I shall burden him with a gruelling ascent.” He said: “It is a mountain in the Fire, made of fire, which he will be compelled to climb. When he places his hand upon it, it melts; when he places his foot upon it, it melts…”

(1) The text within parentheses is omitted from manuscript “B.” (2) Manuscript “B” reads: al-Walid. (3) Omitted from manuscript “B.” (4) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in Sifat Jahannam (The Description of Hell), chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding the Description of the Depth of Hell,” 7:297-298. He said: “This is a gharib (unfamiliar) hadith; we know it as a marfu report (attributed to the Prophet) only through the hadith of Ibn Lahi'ah.” It was also reported by Imam Ahmad, 3:75; al-Tabari, 29:155; and al-Hakim, 2:507, who said: “This hadith has a sound chain of transmission, although the two Shaykhs did not include it.” Al-Dhahabi agreed with him. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar stated in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 179: “Al-Tirmidhi narrated it through Ibn Lahi'ah, from Darraj, from Abu al-Haytham, from Abu Sa'id, as a marfu report. End quote.” Al-Hakim, al-Tabari, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Shu'ab also narrated it through Amr ibn al-Harith, from Darraj. Ibn Mardawayh likewise narrated it through Rushdayn, from Darraj.

﴿وَبَنِينَ شُهُودًا (١٣) وَمَهَّدْتُ لَهُ تَمْهِيدًا (١٤) ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ (١٥) كَلَّا إِنَّهُ كَانَ لِآيَاتِنَا عَنِيدًا (١٦) سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُودًا (١٧) ﴾ ﴿وَبَنِينَ شُهُودًا﴾ حصورًا بِمَكَّةَ لَا يَغِيبُونَ عَنْهُ وَكَانُوا عَشَرَةً، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: كَانُوا سَبْعَةً وَهُمُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَخَالِدٌ وَعِمَارَةُ وَهُشَامٌ وَالْعَاصُ وَقَيْسٌ وَعَبْدُ شَمْسٍ، أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ [ثَلَاثَةٌ] (١) خَالِدٌ وَهُشَامٌ وَ [عِمَارَةُ] (٢) . ﴿وَمَهَّدْتُ لَهُ تَمْهِيدًا﴾ أَيْ: بَسَطْتُ لَهُ فِي الْعَيْشِ وَطُولِ الْعُمُرِ بَسْطًا. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: يَعْنِي الْمَالَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ كَمَا يُمَهَّدُ الْفَرْشُ. ﴿ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ﴾ يَرْجُو ﴿أَنْ أَزِيدَ﴾ أَيْ أَنْ أَزِيدَهُ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا وَتَمْهِيدًا. ﴿كَلَّا﴾ لَا أَفْعَلُ وَلَا أَزِيدُهُ، قَالُوا: فَمَا زَالَ الْوَلِيدُ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِي نُقْصَانٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ حَتَّى هَلَكَ. ﴿إِنَّهُ كَانَ لِآيَاتِنَا عَنِيدًا﴾ مُعَانِدًا. ﴿سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُودًا﴾ سَأُكَلِّفُهُ مَشَقَّةً مِنَ الْعَذَابِ لَا رَاحَةَ لَهُ فِيهَا. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "الصَّعُودُ جَبَلٌ مِنْ نَارٍ يَتَصَعَّدُ فِيهِ [الْكَافِرُ] (٣) سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا ثُمَّ يَهْوِي" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُودًا" قَالَ: "هُوَ جَبَلٌ فِي النَّارِ مِنْ نَارٍ يُكَلَّفُ أَنْ يَصْعَدَهُ فَإِذَا وَضَعَ يَدَهُ ذَابَتْ [فَإِذَا رَفَعَهَا عَادَتْ فَإِذَا وَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ ذَابَتْ

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٢) في "ب" الوليد. (٣) ساقط من "ب". (٤) أخرجه الترمذي في صفة جهنم، باب ما جاء في صفة قعر جهنم: ٧ / ٢٩٧-٢٩٨ وقال: "هذا حديث غريب، لا نعرفه مرفوعا إلا من حديث ابن لهيعة" والإمام أحمد: ٣ / ٧٥، والطبري: ٢٩ / ١٥٥، والحاكم: ٢ / ٥٠٧ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه، ووافقه الذهبي. قال الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص: (١٧٩) : "الترمذي من طريق ابن لهيعة عن دراج عن أبي الهيثم عن أبي سعيد مرفوعا انتهى. وقد رواه الحاكم والطبري والبيهقي في "الشعب" من رواية عمرو بن الحارث عن دراج. ورواه ابن مردويه من رواية رشدين عن دراج أيضا".