Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/242)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And the places of worship are for Allah, so do not invoke anyone along with Allah. And when the servant of Allah stood up worshipping Him, they almost crowded in upon him in a dense mass.” (18–19)

“And the places of worship are for Allah”: that is, the places built for prayer and the remembrance of Allah. “So do not invoke anyone along with Allah.” Qatadah said: When the Jews and Christians entered their churches and places of worship, they associated others with Allah. Allah therefore commanded the believers to devote their supplication sincerely to Him when they entered the mosques. By this He meant all mosques. (1)

Al-Hasan said: He meant all places, because the entire earth has been made a place of prayer for the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: The jinn said to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, “How can we come to the mosque and attend the prayer with you when we are far away?” Then this was revealed: “And the places of worship are for Allah.” (3)

It is also narrated from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr that what is meant by the places of worship is the body parts upon which a person prostrates. They are seven: the forehead, the two hands, the two knees, and the two feet. That is, these limbs upon which prostration is performed were created for Allah, so do not prostrate upon them to anyone besides Him. (4)

Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas al-Humaydi informed us; Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Hafiz informed us; Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub informed us; ‘Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Hilali and al-Sari ibn Khuzaymah related to us, saying: Ya‘la ibn Asad related to us; Wuhayb related to us, from ‘Abd Allah ibn Tawus, from his father, from Ibn ‘Abbas, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I have been commanded to prostrate upon seven limbs: the forehead”—and he pointed to it with his hand—“the two hands, the two knees, and the tips of the feet; and not to tuck up my garment or hair.” (5)

If masajid is taken to mean places of prayer, its singular is masjid, with a kasrah on the jim. If it is taken to mean the limbs, its singular is masjad, with a fathah on the jim. “And when the servant of Allah stood up”: Nafi‘ and Abu Bakr recited it with a kasrah on the hamzah, while the others recited it with a fathah on it. 1/b “When the servant of Allah stood up.”

(1) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Tafsir, 2:323. (2) The text within parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 29:117, and Ibn Kathir, 4:432. See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:306. (4) Mentioned by Ibn Kathir in his Tafsir, 4:432-433. (5) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Adhan, chapter: “Prostrating on the Nose,” 2:297; by Muslim in the Book of Prayer, chapter: “The Limbs of Prostration, the Prohibition of Gathering the Hair and Garment, and Tying the Hair on the Head during Prayer,” no. 230, 1:354; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:136.

﴿وَأَنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا (١٨) وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَدْعُوهُ كَادُوا يَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِ لِبَدًا (١٩) ﴾ ﴿وَأَنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ لِلَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمَوَاضِعَ الَّتِي بُنِيَتْ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ﴿فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى إِذَا دَخَلُوا كَنَائِسَهُمْ وَبِيَعَهُمْ أَشْرَكُوا بِاللَّهِ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يُخْلِصُوا لِلَّهِ الدَّعْوَةَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا الْمَسَاجِدَ وَأَرَادَ بِهَا الْمَسَاجِدَ كُلَّهَا (١) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَرَادَ بِهَا الْبِقَاعَ كُلَّهَا لِأَنَّ الْأَرْضَ جُعِلَتْ كُلُّهَا مَسْجِدًا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: قَالَتِ الْجِنُّ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَيْفَ لَنَا أَنْ [نَأْتِيَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَأَنْ] (٢) نَشْهَدَ مَعَكَ الصَّلَاةَ وَنَحْنُ نَاءُونَ؟ فَنَزَلَتْ: "وَأَنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ لِلَّهِ" (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ أَيْضًا: أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْمَسَاجِدِ الْأَعْضَاءُ الَّتِي يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهَا الْإِنْسَانُ وَهِيَ سَبْعَةٌ: الْجَبْهَةُ وَالْيَدَانِ وَالرُّكْبَتَانِ وَالْقَدَمَانِ؟ يَقُولُ: هَذِهِ الْأَعْضَاءُ الَّتِي يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا السُّجُودُ مَخْلُوقَةٌ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَسْجُدُوا عَلَيْهَا لِغَيْرِهِ (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهِلَالِيُّ وَالسَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ أَسَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُوسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَسْجُدَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَعْضَاءَ: الْجَبْهَةُ -وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَيْهَا -وَالْيَدَيْنِ وَالرُّكْبَتَيْنِ وَأَطْرَافِ الْقَدَمَيْنِ وَلَا أَكُفَّ الثَّوْبَ وَلَا الشَّعْرَ" (٥) . فَإِنْ جَعَلْتَ الْمَسَاجِدَ مَوَاضِعَ الصَّلَاةِ فَوَاحِدُهَا مَسْجِدٌ بِكَسْرِ الْجِيمِ، وَإِنْ جَعَلْتَهَا الْأَعْضَاءَ فَوَاحِدُهَا مَسْجَدٌ بِفَتْحِ الْجِيمِ. ﴿وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ﴾ قَرَأَ نَافِعٌ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِكَسْرِ الْهَمْزَةِ، وَقَرَأَ الباقون بفتحها ١/ب "لَمَّا قَامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ"

(١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في التفسير: ٢ / ٣٢٣. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٩ / ١١٧، وابن كثير: ٤ / ٤٣٢. وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٣٠٦. (٤) ذكره ابن كثير في تفسيره: ٤ / ٤٣٢-٤٣٣. (٥) أخرجه البخاري في الأذان، باب السجود على الأنف: ٢ / ٢٩٧، ومسلم في الصلاة، باب أعضاء السجود والنهي عن كف الشعر والثوب وعقص الرأس في الصلاة برقم: (٢٣٠) : ١ / ٣٥٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ١٣٦.