Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (8/239)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

related to us: Musa ibn Sa'id ibn al-Nu'man, in Tarsus, who related to us: Farwah ibn Abi 76/A al-Mughra al-Kindi, who related to us: al-Qasim ibn Malik, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Ishaq, from his father, from Kardam ibn Abi Sa'ib al-Ansari, who said:

“I set out with my father for Medina on some business, at the very beginning of the time when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was first spoken of in Mecca. When nightfall led us to a shepherd, and the day reached its midpoint, a wolf came and seized a lamb from the flock. The shepherd sprang up and said (1), ‘O master of the valley, protect your neighbor!’ Then an unseen caller cried out, saying, ‘O Sirhan, release him!’ The lamb came running until it rejoined the flock, without having suffered even a bite-mark (2).

“Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed to His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, in Mecca: ‘And there were men among mankind who sought refuge in men among the jinn, so they only increased them in burden.’ That is, by seeking refuge in the leaders of the jinn, mankind increased the jinn in burden.”

Ibn Abbas said: “Sin.” Mujahid said: “Transgression.” Muqatil said: “Error and misguidance.” Al-Hasan said: “Evil.” Ibrahim said: “Greatness.” This was because, through this seeking of refuge, they grew more transgressive, saying, “We have become masters over the jinn and mankind.” In Arabic usage, the word means sin and the commission of forbidden acts.

“And they thought, as you thought, that Allah would never raise anyone [after death] (7). And we sought to reach the heaven and found it filled with stern guards and shooting stars (8). And we used to sit there in places to listen, but whoever listens now will find a flaming meteor lying in wait for him (9).”

“And they thought”: Allah Most High says that the jinn thought, “as you, O company of disbelievers among mankind, thought, that Allah would never raise anyone” after his death. “And we”—that is, the jinn say—“sought to reach the heaven.” Al-Kalbi said: this refers to the lowest heaven. “And found it filled with stern guards,” from among the angels, “and shooting stars,” from the stars. “And we used to sit there”—that is, in heaven—“in places to listen”: that is, we used to listen. “But whoever listens now will find a flaming meteor lying in wait for him”: it has been set in wait for him so that he may be struck by it.

Ibn Qutaybah said: The hurling of shooting stars existed before the mission of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, but it was not like what it became after his mission.

(1) In manuscript B: fa-nada (then he called out). (2) Ibn Kathir mentioned it in his Tafsir, 4:430, then commented: “It may be that this wolf which took the lamb, the young of a sheep, was a jinn, so that it might terrify the human being and make him fear it; then it returned it to him when he sought refuge with it, in order to lead him astray, humiliate him, and cause him to leave his religion. And Allah knows best.” Al-Durr al-Manthur, 8:298-299, attributes it to Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Uqayli in al-Duafa, al-Tabarani, Abu al-Shaykh in al-Azama, and Ibn Asakir. Al-Haythami said in al-Majma, 7:129: “Al-Tabarani narrated it, and its chain includes Abd al-Rahman ibn Ishaq al-Kufi, who is weak.”

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بِطَرْسُوسَ، حَدَّثَنَا فَرْوَةُ بن أبي ٧٦/أالْمِغْرَاءِ الْكِنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ كَرَدْمِ بْنِ أَبِي سَائِبٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ أَبِي إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فِي حَاجَةٍ وَذَلِكَ أَوَّلَ مَا ذُكِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ، فَآوَانَا الْمَبِيتُ إِلَى رَاعِي غَنَمٍ، فَلَمَّا انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ جَاءَ ذِئْبٌ فَأَخَذَ حَمَلًا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ، فَوَثَبَ الرَّاعِي [فَقَالَ] (١) يَا عَامِرَ الْوَادِي جَارَكَ فَنَادَى مُنَادٍ لَا نَرَاهُ، يَقُولُ: يَا سِرْحَانُ أَرْسِلْهُ، فَأَتَى الْحَمَلُ يَشْتَدُّ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْغَنَمَ وَلَمْ تُصِبْهُ كَدْمَةٌ (٢) فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ ﴿وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٍ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمْ رَهَقًا﴾ يَعْنِي زَادَ الْإِنْسُ الْجِنَّ بِاسْتِعَاذَتِهِمْ بِقَادَتِهِمْ رَهَقًا. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِثْمًا. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: طُغْيَانًا. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: غَيًّا. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: شَرًّا قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: عَظَمَةً وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَزْدَادُونَ بِهَذَا التَّعَوُّذِ طُغْيَانًا يَقُولُونَ: سُدْنَا الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ، وَ"الرَّهَقُ" فِي كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ: الْإِثْمُ وَغِشْيَانُ الْمَحَارِمِ. ﴿وَأَنَّهُمْ ظَنُّوا كَمَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ لَنْ يَبْعَثَ اللَّهُ أَحَدًا (٧) وَأَنَّا لَمَسْنَا السَّمَاءَ فَوَجَدْنَاهَا مُلِئَتْ حَرَسًا شَدِيدًا وَشُهُبًا (٨) وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مِنْهَا مَقَاعِدَ لِلسَّمْعِ فَمَنْ يَسْتَمِعِ الْآنَ يَجِدْ لَهُ شِهَابًا رَصَدًا (٩) ﴾ ﴿وَأَنَّهُمْ ظَنُّوا﴾ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الْجِنَّ ظَنُّوا ﴿كَمَا ظَنَنْتُمْ﴾ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْكُفَّارِ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ ﴿أَنْ لَنْ يَبْعَثَ اللَّهُ أَحَدًا﴾ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ. ﴿وَأَنَّا﴾ تَقُولُ الْجِنُّ ﴿لَمَسْنَا السَّمَاءَ﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: السَّمَاءُ الدُّنْيَا ﴿فَوَجَدْنَاهَا مُلِئَتْ حَرَسًا شَدِيدًا﴾ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ﴿وَشُهُبًا﴾ مِنَ النُّجُومِ. ﴿وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مِنْهَا﴾ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ﴿مَقَاعِدَ لِلسَّمْعِ﴾ أَيْ: كُنَّا نَسْتَمِعُ ﴿فَمَنْ يَسْتَمِعِ الْآنَ يَجِدْ لَهُ شِهَابًا رَصَدًا﴾ أُرْصِدَ لَهُ لِيُرْمَى بِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ: إِنَّ الرَّجْمَ كَانَ قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِثْلَ مَا كَانَ بَعْدَ مَبْعَثِهِ

(١) في "ب" فنادى. (٢) ذكره ابن كثير في تفسيره: ٤ / ٤٣٠ ثم قال معقبا: "وقد يكون هذا الذئب الذي أخذ الحمل وهو ولد الشاة كان جنيا حتى يرهب الإنسي ويخاف منه ثم رده عليه لما استجار به ليضله ويهينه ويخرجه عن دينه والله أعلم". وعزاه في الدر المنثور: ٨ / ٢٩٨-٢٩٩ لابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم والعقيلي في الضعفاء والطبراني وأبي الشيخ في العظمة وابن عساكر. قال الهيثمي في المجمع: ٧ / ١٢٩: "رواه الطبراني وفيه عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق الكوفي، وهو ضعيف".